Table 2.
Characteristics of persons with sport-related TBI, South Carolina ED and hospital discharges
| Total | Injury severity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Mild | ||
| N = 16,642 (%) | n = 1454 (%) | n = 15,188 (%) | |
| Mechanism of injury (E-code) | |||
| Tackled during sports | 606 (3.6) | 19 (1.3) | 587 (3.9) |
| Kicked during football | 6335 (38.1) | 422 (29.0) | 5913 (38.9) |
| Struck during sports | 1808 (10.9) | 77 (5.3) | 1731 (11.4) |
| Fell during sports | 3385 (20.3) | 248 (17.1) | 3137 (20.7) |
| Equestrian | 1531 (9.2) | 198 (13.6) | 1333 (8.8) |
| Off-road vehicular sport | 2684 (16.1) | 469 (32.3) | 2215 (14.6) |
| Injury during watersports | 293 (1.7) | 21 (1.4) | 272 (1.8) |
| Type of brain injury | |||
| Concussion | 8191 (49.2) | 60 (4.1) | 8131 (53.5) |
| ICI | 776 (4.7) | 603 (41.5) | 173 (1.1) |
| Skull fracture with ICI | 888 (5.3) | 791 (54.4) | 97 (0.6) |
| Unspecified head Injury | 6787 (40.8) | 0 (0.0) | 6787 (44.7) |
| Age group at injury, y | |||
| 0–11 | 4004 (24.1) | 247 (17.0) | 3757 (24.7) |
| 12–18 | 6187 (37.2) | 379 (26.1) | 5808 (38.2) |
| 19–24 | 3028 (18.2) | 263 (18.1) | 2765 (18.2) |
| 25–34 | 1388 (8.3) | 188 (12.9) | 1200 (7.9) |
| 35–44 | 932 (5.6) | 136 (9.4) | 796 (5.2) |
| 45–64 | 863 (5.2) | 165 (11.3) | 698 (4.6) |
| 65+ | 240 (1.4) | 76 (5.2) | 164 (1.1) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 5113 (30.7) | 379 (26.1) | 4734 (31.2) |
| Male | 11,529 (69.3) | 1075 (73.9) | 10,454 (68.8) |
| Race | |||
| White | 12,464 (74.9) | 1225 (84.2) | 11,239 (74.0) |
| Black | 3557 (21.4) | 173 (11.9) | 3384 (22.3) |
| Other | 621 (3.7) | 56 (3.9) | 565 (3.7) |
| Socioeconomic status, U.S. dollars | |||
| High (≥$75,000) | 3168 (19.0) | 250 (17.2) | 2918 (19.2) |
| Middle ($36,000–74,000) | 6400 (38.5) | 624 (42.9) | 5776 (38.0) |
| Low (≤$35,000) | 7074 (42.5) | 580 (39.9) | 6494 (42.8) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| No | 15,383 (92.4) | 1172 (80.6) | 14,211 (93.6) |
| Yes | 1259 (7.6) | 282 (19.4) | 977 (6.4) |
| Concomitant injuries | |||
| No | 12,047 (72.4) | 828 (56.9) | 11,219 (73.9) |
| Yes | 4595 (27.6) | 626 (43.1) | 3969 (26.1) |
| Repetitive TBI? | |||
| No | 15,632 (93.9) | 1189 (81.8) | 14,443 (95.1) |
| Yes | 1010 (6.1) | 265 (18.2) | 745 (4.9) |
| Season of injury | |||
| Autumn (22 Sep–20 Dec) | 4532 (27.2) | 315 (21.7) | 4217 (27.8) |
| Winter (21 Dec–19 Mar) | 2875 (17.3) | 257 (17.7) | 2618 (17.2) |
| Spring (20 Mar–20 Jun) | 4639 (27.9) | 484 (33.3) | 4155 (27.4) |
| Summer (21 Jun–21 Sep) | 4596 (27.6) | 398 (27.4) | 4198 (27.6) |
| Venue of care | |||
| ED | 15,204 (91.4) | 691 (47.5) | 14,513 (95.6) |
| Inpatient | 1438 (8.6) | 763 (52.5) | 675 (4.4) |
| Trauma facility level | |||
| Undesignated | 4875 (29.3) | 301 (20.7) | 4574 (30.1) |
| Level I | 3498 (21.0) | 594 (40.8) | 2904 (19.1) |
| Level II | 1329 (8.0) | 135 (9.3) | 1194 (7.9) |
| Level III | 6940 (41.7) | 424 (29.2) | 6516 (42.9) |
ED = emergency department; ICI = intracranial injury; TBI = traumatic brain injury.