Table 1.

Researches showing anti-inflammatory properties of NSCs

Reference	Model	Cell type	Transplantation method	CNS homing	Systemic distribution	Anti-inflammation	Effects on inflammatory cells
Pluchino et al., 2003	Mouse EAE	Murine neural progenitors	Intravenous, intracerebroventricular	Positive	Spleen, kidney, liver, lung, gut	Positive	Reduced inflammatory cytokines (MMP, TNF)
Pluchino et al., 2005	Mouse EAE	Murine neural progenitors	Intravenous	Positive	Liver, spleen, kidney	Positive	Apoptosis of Th1 cells
Einstein et al., 2005	Mouse EAE	Murine neural progenitors	Intracerebroventricular	Positive	Not tested	Positive	Decreasing Th1 cell and increasing Treg cells
Einstein et al., 2007	Mouse EAE	Murine neural progenitors	Intravenous	Negative	Spleen, lymph nodes	Positive	Inhibiting Th1 proliferation and activation
Capone et al., 2007	Mouse cerebral ischemia	Murine neural progenitors	Intracerebroventricular	Positive	Not tested	Positive	Reducing activated microglia
Lee et al., 2008	Rat intracerebral hemorrhage	Human fetal neural stem cells	Intravenous, at acute stage (2hr after ICH)	Rare	Spleen, lung, liver, brain	Positive	Inhibiting splenic macrophage activation
Aharonowiz et al., 2008	Mouse EAE	Human ESC-derived neural progenitors	Intracerebroventricular	Positive	Not tested	Positive	Inhibiting Th1 cell activation and reducing macrophage infitration