TABLE 5.
Multiple linear regression analyses of the relation between biomarkers of dairy fat intake and measures of pancreatic β-cell function1
| Model | AIRg(n = 32) | Oral DI(n = 27) | IV DI(n = 28) |
| ln(pmol/L) | ln[(mg/dL)−1] | ln(mg · min−1 · kg lean mass−1) | |
| PL 15:0 | |||
| 1 | 0.91 (−9.80, 11.6) | 2.68 (−4.23, 9.60) | 1.43 (−10.2, 13.1) |
| 2 | 2.12 (−9.27, 13.5) | 2.73 (−4.95, 10.4) | 1.68 (−11.0, 14.3) |
| 3 | 3.46 (−8.60, 15.5) | 0.88 (−6.92, 8.68) | 1.21 (−12.3, 14.7) |
| PL 17:0 | |||
| 1 | 3.97 (−1.87, 9.80) | 3.51 (−0.10, 7.12) | 6.28 (0.31, 12.3)* |
| 2 | 4.35 (−1.82, 10.5) | 3.82 (−0.24, 7.87) | 6.24 (−0.45, 12.9) |
| 3 | 6.81 (−0.05, 13.7) | 2.72 (−1.89, 7.33) | 7.40 (−0.35, 15.2) |
| PL t-16:1n−7 | |||
| 1 | −3.22 (−12.5, 6.04) | 3.51 (−2.18, 9.21) | 0.63 (−9.14, 10.4) |
| 2 | −1.67 (−12.4, 9.08) | 4.34 (−2.65, 11.3) | 1.24 (−10.6, 13.0) |
| 3 | −0.18 (−12.6, 12.2) | 1.84 (−6.10, 9.78) | 0.47 (−13.3, 14.2) |
| FFA 15:0 | |||
| 1 | −3.27 (−11.5, 4.94) | 3.16 (−2.00, 8.33) | 0.47 (−8.25, 9.17) |
| 2 | −2.32 (−12.1, 7.45) | 3.75 (−2.30, 9.79) | 2.15 (−7.90, 12.2) |
| 3 | −1.41 (−12.2, 9.41) | 2.06 (−4.39, 8.50) | 1.82 (−9.21, 12.9) |
| FFA 17:0 | |||
| 1 | 1.82 (−3.49, 7.14) | 1.09 (−2.21, 4.38) | 3.90 (−1.43, 9.22) |
| 2 | 2.29 (−3.89, 8.35) | 1.30 (−2.48, 5.07) | 4.05 (−1.99, 10.1) |
| 3 | 3.76 (−3.07, 10.6) | −0.08 (−4.14, 3.97) | 4.47 (−2.39, 11.3) |
| FFA t-16:1n−7 | |||
| 1 | −6.19 (−20.9, 8.56) | −1.01 (−10.6, 8.56) | 0.28 (−15.1, 15.6) |
| 2 | −3.49 (−22.9, 15.9) | −1.82 (−14.3, 10.7) | 4.82 (−14.7, 24.4) |
| 3 | −2.22 (−22.6, 18.2) | −5.14 (−17.4, 7.11) | 4.33 (−16.3, 24.9) |
1
Data are unadjusted β coefficients (95% CIs). Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI; model 3, adjusted as for model 2 plus liver-spleen ratio, a measure of liver fat content. *Statistically significant association, P < 0.05. AIRg, acute insulin response to glucose; DI, disposition index; FFA, free fatty acid; IV DI, intravenous disposition index; PL, phospholipid.