. 2012 Dec 18;2(4):855–878. doi: 10.3390/membranes2040855

Table 1.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) membrane targets for an 80 kWe (net) integrated transportation fuel cell power system operating on direct hydrogen [3].

Characteristic	Units	2011 Status ^a	2017 Targets	2020 Targets
Maximum oxygen crossover ^b	mA/cm²	<1	2	2
Maximum hydrogen crossover ^b	mA/cm²	<1.8	2	2
Area specific proton resistance at:
120 °C and water partial pressures from 40-80 kPa	Ohm cm²	0.023 (40 kPa)	0.02	0.02
120 °C and water partial pressures from 40-80 kPa	Ohm cm²	0.012 (80 kPa)	0.02	0.02
80 °C and water partial pressures from 25-45 kPa	Ohm cm²	0.017 (25 kPa)	0.02	0.02
80 °C and water partial pressures from 25-45 kPa	Ohm cm²	0.006 (44 kPa)	0.02	0.02
30 °C and water partial pressures up to 4 kPa	Ohm cm²	0.02 (3.8 kPa)	0.03	0.03
−20 °C	Ohm cm²	0.1	0.2	0.2
Operating temperature	°C	<120	≤120	≤120
Minimum electrical resistance	Ohm cm²	−	1000	1000
Cost ^c	$/m²	−	20	20
Durability ^d:
Mechanical	Cycles with <10 sccm crossover	>20,000	20,000	20,000
Chemical	hours	>2300	>500	>500

^aStatus represents PFIA membrane as described in [9]; ^bTested in MEA at 1 atm O₂ or H₂ at nominal stack operating temperature, humidified gases at 0.5 V DC; ^cCosts projected to high-volume production (500,000 stacks per year); ^dBased on U.S. DRIVE Fuel Cell Tech Team Cell Component Accelerated Stress Test as described in [10].