Table 2.
Performance comparison of silica based membranes for desalination.
| Membrane type | Feed Temp. (°C) | Feed conc. range (wt %) | Water flux (kg m–2 h–1) | Rejection (%) | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure silica | TEOS pH 6 | 22 b | 0.3 3.5–15 |
9.5 6.8–1.6 |
99.6 98–89 |
This work |
| Carbonized template | Ionic C6 | 20 a | 0.3–3.5 * | 2.1–1.9 | 99.9–98 | [9] |
| Ionic C16 | 20 b | 0.3–3.5 | 3.0–2.0 | 91–97 | [13] | |
| 20 wt % PEG-PPG | 20 b | 0.3–3.5 | 6.3–4.9 | 87–97 | [38] | |
| Metal oxide | CoOxSi | 20 | 0.3–15 | 0.4–0.3 | 99.7–99.9 | [11] |
| Hybrid | BTESE | 30 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 99 | [21] |
| MTES | 20 a | 0.3–3.5 * | 4.7–2.5 | 93.7–83 | [9] | |
| Zeolite | MFI-S-1 | 25 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 75 | [39] |
| MFI-ZSM-5 | 25 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 93 | [40] | |
| MFI-ZSM-5 | 22 | 3.8 * | 0.70 | 99 | [41] | |
| MFI-ZSM-5 | 20 | 0.3–15 | 4.5–9.8 | 99.5–74 | [8] | |
a Feed pressurizing up to 7 bar and permeate vacuum pumping; b Pressure difference (ΔP) of <1 bar across the membrane; * Sea water.