Table 1.

Nanofiber-surface modification.

S. No	Material	Modification	Active group	Target metal	Removal	Ref.
1	chitosan	neutralization with K2CO3	–NH2–, amine	Cu(II)	485.44 mg/g	[37]
				Pb(II)	263.15 mg/g
2	silica	zonal dissolution of PAN	–SH–, Thiol	Hg(II)	57.49 mg/g	[38]
3	cellulose acetate	In situ polymerization	fluorinated polybenzoxazine	oil water	maximum	[39]
4	poly sulfone	graft copolymerization	carboxyl group	toluidine blue O,BSA	380 nmol of TBO/mg of TBO	[40]
5	poly ether sulfone	1. solvent induced fusion	carbonyl	waste water	1. flux: 2626 L/m2h psi	[41]
		2. oxidation			2. flux: 2913 L/m2h psi
6	PETE, PCTE, PTFC, PA	AgNO3 reduction	Ag	pathogen, waste water	turbidity removal: 99.25%	[42]
					COD: 94.73%
					NH4+: 93.98%
7	poly lactic acid	annealing	–COOH–	TiO2 removal	85% rejection	[43]
8	polyacrylo nitrile	hot press interfacial polymerization	–CN–	salt rejection MgSO4	86.5%	[44]
9	polyacrylo nitrile	coupling	–NH2–	antibacterial	53.7%–99.9%	[45]