Table 1.
Demographics, clinical and laboratory variables (n=89)
| Age, years; mean±SD | 42±8.2 |
| HIV clinical stage, n (%) | |
| A | 53 (59.6) |
| B | 19 (21.3) |
| C | 17 (19.1) |
| Duration-HIV, years; mean±SD | 7.8±5.6 |
| Nadir CD4+, cells/µL; median [P25–P75] | 204 [124–287] |
| Current CD4+, cells/µL; median [P25–P75] | 467 [364–677] |
| Treatment group, n (%) | |
| Naïve | 14 (15.7) |
| NNRTI | 36 (40.4) |
| PI | 39 (43.8) |
| Duration exposure, months; mean±SD | |
| Total ART | 67±42 |
| NNRTI | 36±27 |
| NRTI | 111±90* |
| PI | 55±40 |
| Current exposure to ART (n=75),% | |
| NRTI | |
| Tenofovir | 38 |
| Azidothymidine | 17 |
| Lamivudine | 35 |
| Emtricitabine | 25 |
| Didanosine | 8 |
| Abacavir | 15 |
| Stavudine | 9 |
| NNRTI | |
| Efavirenz | 34 |
| Nevirapine | 3 |
| PI | |
| Lopinavir | 23 |
| Atazanavir | 10 |
| Fosamprenavir | 3 |
| Tipranavir | 3 |
| Alcohol consumption (yes), n (%) | 38 (42.7) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| Never smoker | 23 (25.8) |
| Former smoker | 12 (13.5) |
| Current smoker | 54 (60.7) |
| Sedentary lifestyle (yes), n (%) | 47 (58) |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2; mean±SD | 24.8±3.4 |
| Waist/Hip ratio; mean±SD | 0.95±0.1 |
| Lipodistrophy (yes), n (%) | 27 (30.7) |
| IFG (yes), n (%) | 29 (32.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L; mean±SD | 4.88±1.09 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L; mean±SD | 3.26±1.04 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L; mean±SD | 1.26±0.37 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L; median [P25–P75] | 1.65 [1.1–2.3] |
| 25-(OH)-D, nmol/L; mean±SD | 52.2±27 |
SD, standard deviation; n, number of patients; HIV-VL, HIV viral load; ART, antiretroviral treatment; non-NRTI group, current ART with 2 to 3 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (non-NRTI) and never received protease inhibitors (PIs); PI group, current ART with 2 to 3 NRTIs plus an enhanced PI; IFG, impaired fasting glucose (plasma glucose: 5.5 to 7 mmol/L); 25-(OH)-D, 25 hydroxy vitamin D;
*
sum of exposure.