Table 3.
Vitamin D insufficiency-associated factors: cardiovascular risk factors
| VDI (<75 nmol/l) | No VDI (≥75 nmol/l) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=72 | n=17 | OR [IC95%] | p | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Age (years); mean±SD | 42.8±8.4 | 38.7±7.1 | 1.07 [0.99–1.15] | 0.06 |
| High blood pressure% (n) | 47.2 (34) | 35.3 (6) | 1.6 [0.5–4.9] | 0.4 |
| Physical exercise (<3 h/w) | 84.8 (56) | 46.7 (7) | 6.4 [1.9–21.6] | 0.03 |
| Smoker (yes) | 58.3 (42) | 70.6 (12) | 0.58 [0.18–1.8] | 0.35 |
| SBP (mmHg); mean±SD | 127±15 | 123±12 | 1.02 [0.98–1.06] | 0.3 |
| DBP (mmHg); mean±SD | 78±10 | 72±8 | 1.06 [0.99–1.1] | 0.06 |
| BMI (kg/m2); mean±SD | 24.9±3.4 | 23.9±3.3 | 1.1 [0.9–1.2] | 0.2 |
| WHR | 0.95±0.07 | 0.93±0.07 | 44.5 [0.01–199,546] | 0.3 |
| Metabolic Syndrome;% (n) | 34.7 (25) | 11.8 (2) | 3.9 [0.8–18.8] | 0.08 |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||
| Fasting glycaemia (mmol/L); mean±SD | 5.37±0.57 | 5.11±0.37 | 1.04 [0.9–1.09] | 0.2 |
| IFG (yes);% (n) | 37.5 (27) | 11.8 (2) | 4.5 [0.96–21.2] | 0.057 |
| TC (mmol/L); mean±SD | 4.96±1.08 | 4.47±1.1 | 1.01 [0.99–1.02] | 0.1 |
| LDLc (mmol/L); mean±SD | 3.32±1.06 | 3.1±0.99 | 1.005 [0.99–1.02] | 0.4 |
| HDLc (mmol/L); mean±SD | 1.25±0.39 | 1.34±0.26 | 0.98 [0.95–1.02] | 0.3 |
| TG (mmol/L); median [P25–P75] | 1.8 [1.39–2.45] | 0.99 [0.81–1.42] | 1.02 [1.007–1.03] | 0.002 |
| TG > 1.7 mmol/L | 56.9 (41) | 11.8 (2) | 9.9 [2.1–46.6] | 0.001 |
| Non–HDLc (mmol/L); mean±SD | 3.7±1.01 | 3.13±1.03 | 1.015 [1.001–1.03] | 0.45 |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L); mean±SD | 0.88±0.22 | 0.77±0.2 | 12.6 [0.84–191] | 0.06 |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | ||||
| hsRCP (mg/L); median [P25–P75] | 2.9 [0.14–0.57] | 1.9 [1.4–3.2] | 7.43 [0.5–106.3] | 0.1 |
| PAI-I (pg/L); mean±SD | 9.6±4 | 7.4±2.4 | 1.22 [1.003–1.5] | 0.04 |
| TNF-α (pg/L); median [P25–P75] | 0.015 [0.01–0.01] | 0.015 [0.01–0.01] | 1.07 [0.89–1.28] | 0.46 |
| R1 TNF-α (pg/L); median [P25–P75] | 0.97 [0.85–1.12] | 0.92 [0.77–1.1] | 1.001 [0.9–1.003] | 0.4 |
| R2 TNF-α (pg/L); median [P25–P75] | 1.89 [1.58–2.34] | 2.15 [1.77–2.79] | 1 [0.9–1.001] | 0.2 |
| IL-6 (pg/L); median [P25–P75] | 0.003 [0.003–0.003] | 0.003 [0.003–0.003] | 1.16 [0.87–1.5] | 0.32 |
Explanatory variables with statistically significant results in unadjusted analysis and their significance are in bold. VDI, vitamin D insufficiency; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-hip ratio; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; FG, fasting glucose; IFG, impaired fasting glucose (plasma glucose ≥5.55 mmol/L); TG, triglycerides; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PAI-I, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-alpha; R1 and R2, soluble forms of TNF-α receptors; IL-6, interleukin-6; IMT, intima-media thickness; CC, common carotid.