Table 3.

Results of Mixed-Effects Models Examining Differences in Age-Associated Cognitive Slope by Birth Cohorts: Executive Functions (Trail Making Test B, connections/s) as Outcome

	Model 1			Model 2
	Coefficient	SE	p Value	Coefficient	SE	p Value
Intercept	.40	0.08	<.0001	.49	0.08	<.0001
Female	.13	0.03	<.0001	.12	0.03	<.0001
Age	−.01	0.007	.09	−.01	0.007	.07
Second assessment	−.08	0.05	.09	−.08	0.05	.11
Third assessment	−.02	0.05	.71	−.02	0.05	.77
Second assessment × MYHAT	.09	0.04	.02	.09	0.04	.03
Third assessment × MYHAT	.16	0.04	.0003	.16	0.04	.0004
Cohort 1902–1911	−1.24	0.09	<.0001	−.95	0.09	<.0001
Cohort 1912–1921	−.95	0.08	<.0001	−.77	0.08	<.0001
Cohort 1922–1931	−.54	0.08	<.0001	−.49	0.08	<.0001
Age × Cohort 1902–1911	−.07	0.009	<.0001	−.08	0.009	<.0001
Age × Cohort 1912–1921	−.05	0.008	<.0001	−.05	0.008	<.0001
Age × Cohort 1922–1931	−.03	0.008	.0001	−.03	0.008	<.0001
Second assessment × Cohort 1902–1911	.02	0.06	.72	.01	0.06	.85
Second assessment × Cohort 1912–1921	.09	0.05	.07	.08	0.05	.09
Second assessment × Cohort 1922–1931	−.007	0.04	.84	−.009	0.04	.81
Third assessment × Cohort 1902–1911	−.06	0.07	.39	−.07	0.07	.31
Third assessment × Cohort 1912–1921	.005	0.05	.92	−.0007	0.05	.99
Third assessment × Cohort 1922–1931	−.05	0.04	.22	−.05	0.04	.20
Education
<High school				−.60	0.04	<.0001
= High school				−.12	0.03	<.0001
Age × Education (<high school)				.008	0.004	.04
Age × Education (=high school)				.0005	0.004	.89

Notes: Reference groups: male; Cohort 1932–1943; Age × Cohort 1932–1943; Age × Education (>high school). Age variable was centered at age 80 (ie, age at each assessment −80). Age and intercept are treated as random effects. Second and third assessments refer to the practice (assessment) effects at the second and third assessments. MYHAT = Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team study.