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. 2014 Apr 7;10:86. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-86

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Copyright © 2014 Dang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes are highly expressed in NPTr epithelial cells infected by S. suis and swine influenza virus. Expression of TNF, IFN-β, IFNλ1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, CCL5, PLAU, and COX-2 genes in NPTr cells infected with S. suis, H1N1, or S. suis/H1N1 when compared to mock-infected cells, as quantified by qPCR assay. Data represent mean relative expression values of mRNA ± SEM. Groups that are significantly different are indicated by different letters (a, b, and c), as determined by One-way ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05.