Table 2. Biochemical measures, profile of fatty acids of interest, and desaturation indices1.
| A. | Control (n=22) | GDM (n=21) |
|---|---|---|
| Cord Plasma Biochemical Measures | ||
| Glucose,mmol/L | 3.8 (3.0-4.2) | 4.7 (4.5-5.6)** |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 27.8 (16.7-50.0) | 45.8 (26.3-69.5)* |
| C-peptide, nmol/L | 0.13 (0.08-0.17) | 0.10 (0.07-0.15) |
| Total Cholesterol, mmol/L2 | 1.58 (1.35-1.89) | 1.49 (1.14-1.66) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L2 | 0.80 (0.67-0.90) | 0.71 (0.57-0.85) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L2 | 0.67 (0.52-0.92) | 0.54 (0.44-0.78) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L2 | 0.19 (0.15-0.32) | 0.20 (0.12-0.28) |
| NEFA, mmol/L | 0.12 (0.09-0.17) | 0.12 (0.11-0.18) |
| Leptin, μg/L | 8.8 (6.2-10.4) | 10.9 (7.6-15.6)# |
| Adiponectin, mg/L | 36.0 (29.7-49.0) | 37.6 (32.6-51.0) |
| B. | ||
| Total Plasma Abundance of Fatty Acids of Interest3 | ||
| 14:0 myristic, % of total | 0.35 (0.28-0.39) | 0.46 (0.31-0.72) |
| 16:0 palmitic, % of total | 22.1 (20.3-23.3) | 19.7 (14.5-21.7)** |
| 16:1n-7 palmitoleic, % of total | 2.3 (1.9-2.8) | 2.3 (1.6-2.9) |
| 18:0 stearic, % of total | 22.6 (18.1-25.8) | 12.9 (10.5-15.2)** |
| 18:1n-9 oleic, % of total | 15.5 (10.9-16.8) | 14.4 (12.1-17.6) |
| 18:1n-7 vaccenic, % of total | 2.5 (2.0-2.9) | 2.6 (2.3-2.8) |
| 18:2 linoleic, % of total | 7.8 (6.6-9.5) | 6.6 (5.3-10.0) |
| 20:4n-6 arachidonic (ARA), % of total | 7.9 (6.9-10.1) | 8.2 (6.0-13.2) |
| 22:6n-3 docosahexaenoic (DHA), % of total | 1.0 (0.84-1.14) | 1.2 (0.79-2.47) |
| Total Plasma Desaturation Indices | ||
| 16:1/16:0 palmitoleic/palmitic, arbitrary unit | 0.11 (0.09-0.12) | 0.11 (0.09-0.14) |
| 18:1n-9/18:0 oleic/stearic, arbitrary unit | 0.67 (0.56-0.90) | 1.27 (0.92-1.68)** |
| VLDL Desaturation Indices4 | ||
| VLDL palmitoleic/palmitic index, arbitrary unit | 0.03 (0.01-0.05) | 0.06 (0.03-0.12) |
| VLDL oleic/stearic index, arbitrary unit | 0.18 (0.13-0.43) | 0.76 (0.41-1.17)* |
1
Data are all presented as the median with the 25-75% IQR because some variables exhibited non-normal distribution.
2
n=19 in Control group, n=18 in GDM group due to insufficient samples
3
see Methods for additional information related to interpretation
4
n=10 in each group due to insufficient samples to complete analysis in all subjects
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01, and
#
trend to difference, p<0.1 compared with Controls.