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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 22.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2013 Oct 24;342(6161):983–987. doi: 10.1126/science.1245296

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

A specific link between αSyn toxicity and nitrosative stress is identified in yeast (A) Fzf1 overexpression reduces αSyn toxicity in yeast (IntTox) measured by growth of serially diluted yeast. (B) Protein nitration levels were measured by immunublotting for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Strains expressing low (NoTox), intermediate (IntTox) and high (HiTox) levels of αSyn were analyzed (11). Neurodegeneration-related models with equivalent toxicity (expressing Aβ [β–amyloid peptide], Htt72Q [Huntingtin exon 1 with 72 glutamines] or Fus) were not similarly affected. (C) Fzf1 expression reduced αSyn-induced increase in nitration. (D and E) NO-increasing deletion of Cox5A (ΔCox5A) increased protein nitration levels, whereas the NO-decreasing Cox5B deletion (ΔCox5B) reduced protein nitration levels (D). Toxicity was determined by propidium iodide stained cells using flow cytometry (E). Data represented as mean ± SEM, ***; p<0.001 One way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.