Table 1.

Clinical significance of BMP signaling pathway.

Molecule	Expression data in high grade gliomas	No patients	Methods	Clinical significance	Authors	Reference
BMP2	UP	98	IHQ	↓BMP2: ↑survival time (tumor grade independent)	Liu et al. 2009	[19]
BMP4	DOWN	630	RTqPCR/WB/IHQ	↓BMP4: ↓survival time (all grades together)	Wu and Yao 2013	[20]
	DOWN	220/77	Microarray/IHQ	↓BMP4: ↓survival time (grades III and IV)	Bao et al. 2013	[21]
BMPRIB	DOWN	64	WB	n.d	Liu et al. 2009	[19]
P-Smad 1,5,8	DOWN	64	WB	↓p-Smad: ↓survival time (tumor grade independent)	Liu et al. 2009	[19]

*Bao et al. [21] validated the data using Rembrandt database and GSE16011 microarray data. N.d.: not determined.