a, Heat map of microarray results shows the enrichment of TGF-β downstream target genes in COUP-TFII-depleted PC3 cells. siCOUP-TFII denotes COUPTFII short interfering RNA (siRNA); ctrl denotes control. b, Western blot analysis of core regulators and downstream targets of TGF-β signalling, as well as p53, in anterior prostates from 24-week-old mice as indicated. c, The correlation between COUP-TFII and TGF-β signalling targets (p21 and cyclin D1) in patient prostate tumours and normal prostate counterparts are shown in regression plots (n = 36). d–f, Association of COUP-TFII gene signature with disease-specific death in patients with prostate cancer using data set GSE10645. d, Kaplan–Meier plot, with top third, middle third and bottom third of patients representing COUP-TFII activities from high to low (P value by log-rank test). e, Multivariate Cox regression analysis of COUP-TFII signature and the transcription levels of PTEN, SMAD4, p21 and cyclin D1. f, Kaplan–Meier plot of patients grouped using the combination of COUP-TFII and PTEN/SMAD4/ cyclin D1/p21 gene sets.