Table 3. Studies about the rate of vertical transmission when mother got infected in pregnancy.

First author	Year	Area	Diagnostic Standards		Rate*	Reference
			Mother	Baby#
Berrebi A	1994	Toulouse	Seroconversion	Positive IgM, PCR or culture, clinical signs	0.17	[56]
Pratlong F	1994	Montpellier	Seroconversion, high-titre IgG with IgM	Positive IgM and IgA, culture	0.11	[50]
Hohlfeld P	1994	Paris	Seroconversion	Positive IgM, PCR or culture	0.07	[54]
Dar FK	1997	UAE	High-titre IgM	Positive IgM	0.38	[52]
Jenum A	1998	Norway	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR or culture	0.23	[64]
Gratzl R	1998	Austria	Seroconversion, high-titre IgG and IgM	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR	0.22	[51]
Foulon W	1999	France	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, reappearance of IgG after therapy	0.44	[57]
Robert-Gangneux F	1999	Paris	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR or culture	0.25	[59]
Naessens A	1999	America	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, reappearance of IgG after therapy	0.32	[57]
Lebech M	1999	Denmark	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive IgM and/or IgA	0.19	[49]
Gilbert R	2001	EUR,Austria	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR or culture	0.24	[62]
Antsaklis A	2002	Athens	Seroconversion	Positive IgM, PCR or culture	0.19	[60]
Logar J	2002	Ljubljana	High-titre IgG, high-titre IgM and/or IgA	Positive IgM and IgA	0.11	[61]
Ricci M	2003	Italy	Seroconversion, high-titre IgG and IgM	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months	0.11	[55]
Mombro M	2003	Italy	Seroconversion, positive cultures	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, reappearance of IgG after therapy, specific IgM and/or IgA	0.22	[46]
Liu J	2004	China	Positive PCR, high-titre IgM	Positive PCR	0.37	[15]
Di Carlo P	2005	Italy	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR	0.19	[58]
Buffolano W	2005	Campania	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months	0.34	[63]
Berrébi A	2010	Toulouse	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months	0.17	[53]
Hotop A	2012	Germany	Seroconversion	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive PCR	0.05	[48]
Wallon M	2013	Lyon	Seroconversion, high-titre IgG and IgM	Persistent IgG beyond 12 months, positive culture	0.25	[45]

Notes:^# For the positive IgM/IgA results, the purity of fetal blood was ascertained or the positive results were confirmed at least 7-10 days later; ^* Rate stands for vertical transmission rate caused by T.gondii infection.