Table 2.

Animal studies using PDL cells & PDLSCs for periodontal regeneration

Authors	Species	Cell source & carrier or membrane	Defect type	Effect
Boyko et al., 1981	Canine	PDL cells+demineralized root	Re-implantation of roots bearing cells in alveolar bone	Formation of new PDL
van Dijk et al., 1991	Canine	PDL cells	Artificial periodontal defects	New connective tissue attachment
Lang et al., 1998	Minipig	Alveolar bone cells or PDL cells+Teflon membrane	Experimentally induced furaction and interdental defects	New cementum and alveolar bone formation
Nakahara et al., 2004	Canine	PDL cells+collagen sponge scaffold	Periodontal fenestration defects	Induced cementum regeneration
Akizuki et al., 2005	Canine	PDL cell sheet+hyaluronic acid carrier	Dehiscence defects	Formation of new cementum
Flores et al., 2008	Immunocompromised rat	PDL cell sheet (human) (cultured with osteogenic differentiation medium)	Periodontal fenestration defects	Periodontal regeneration
Iwata et al., 2009	Canine	Multi-layered PDL-derived cell sheets	Three-wall periodontal defects	Regenerated new bone and cementum
Seo et al., 2005	Immunocompromised mouseand rat	PDLSCs (human)+HA/TCP	Subcutaneously & periodontal defects	Generate a cementum/PDL-like structure
Liu et al., 2008	Swine	PDLSCs+HA/TCP	Induced periodontitis defects	Regenerated periodontal tissues
Kim et al., 2009	Canine	PDLSCs or BMSCs+HA/TCP	Peri-implant saddle-like defects	Increased new bone formation