Table 1.
Selected algorithm and used models, features and extraction scheme
| Authors | Models | Features | Extraction scheme |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Algorithms using fissure appearances | |||
| Pu et al. [14-16] |
▪ The surface shaped structure |
▪ Marching cubes algorithm, Laplacian smoothing and extended Gaussian image |
▪ Implicit surface fitting using Radial Basis Functions (RBF) |
| Rikxoort et al. [17] |
▪ Difference with the other texture |
▪ Trained features |
▪ Supervised filter and classier |
| Wei et al. [18] |
▪ A curvilinear line in 2D slice |
▪ Line structure |
▪ Adaptive fissure sweeping and wavelet transform |
| Ross et al. [19,20] |
▪ Ridge-like structure in 2D slice |
▪ Ridgeness |
▪ Thin plate splines and maximum a posteriori estimation |
| Wang et al. [21,22] |
▪ Smooth high-intensity curve in 2D slice |
▪ Intensity or ridgeness |
▪ A curve growing algorithm modeled by Bayesian network |
|
Algorithms using lung, bronchus, and vessel information | |||
| Zhang et al. [23] |
▪ Smooth surface |
▪ Ridgeness image |
▪ Fuzzy reasoning system |
| ▪ Ridge-like structure in 2D slice |
▪ Anatomic pulmonary atlas |
||
| Ukil et al. [24] |
▪ Sparseness of the vessel |
▪ Ridgeness |
▪ 3D watershed transform |
| ▪ Match with bronchus tree structure |
|
▪ Optimal surface |
|
| ▪ Ridge-like structure in 2D slice |
|
|
|
| Rikxoort et al. [25-27] |
▪ The lung borders |
▪ Trained features for fissure |
▪ Supervised filter |
| ▪ Airways and fissures |
|
▪ Registration |
|
| Wei et al. [28] |
▪ Different texture for fissure |
▪ Texture analysis |
▪ Dynamic programming |
| ▪ Large continuous fissure surface |
▪ Projection |
|
|
| Kuhnigk et al. [29], Lassen et al. [30] |
▪ Sparseness of the vessel |
▪ The original data removed blood vessel |
▪ Cost image |
| ▪ High intensity |
▪ The vasculature |
▪ Multi-dimensional interactive watershed transform |
|
| ▪ Match with bronchus tree structure |
▪ The bronchial tree |
|
|
| ▪ Separation by surface-shaped fissure |
▪ Pulmonary fissures |
|
|
| Appia et al. [31] |
▪ High intensity |
▪ The intensity |
▪ Global minimal path |
| ▪ Sparseness of the vessel |
▪ Distance of the vasculature |
|
|
| ▪ Smooth in 2D |
▪ Curvature in 2D |
|
|
| ▪ Continuity in 3D |
▪ Continuity in 3D |
|
|
| Zhou et al. [32] | ▪ Sparseness of the vessel |
▪ Bronchus segmentation |
▪ Voronoi division algorithm |
| ▪ Match with bronchus tree structure |
▪ Vessel segmentation |
▪ Laplacian filter |
|
| ▪ Fissure appearance of line at 2D slice | |||