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. 2014 May 3;12:19. doi: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-19

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Copyright © 2014 Rioux et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Mice vaccinated with PapMV nanoparticles adjuvanted TIV showed an increased protection to an influenza challenge with influenza strain normally lethal to TIV vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated twice with TIV adjuvanted or not by PapMV nanoparticles by intranasal (i.n.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes were challenged with 250 pfu of A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) influenza virus. Mice were monitored for weight loss (A), symptoms levels (B) and survival (C) for 14 days. Statistical analysis is applied between groups of the same immunization ways. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.