Table 1.
Characteristics of DPP study participants included in these analyses (N=3,891)
| Baseline Characteristic | Lifestyle | Metformin | Placebo | Troglitazonea | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1079 | 1073 | 1082 | 585 | |
| Male | 32% | 34% | 31% | 34% | 0.404 |
| Age (years) | 51 (11) | 51 (10) | 50 (10) | 50 (10) | 0.469 |
| Weight (kg) | 94 (21) | 94 (20) | 94 (20) | 93 (19) | 0.774 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34 (7) | 34 (7) | 34 (7) | 34 (6) | 0.311 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105 (15) | 105 (14) | 105 (14) | 104 (14) | 0.605 |
| SAT L2-3 (cm2) | 308 (125) | 301 (129) | 314 (127) | 0.449 | |
| SAT L4-5 (cm2) | 443 (152) | 433 (154) | 449 (151) | 0.408 | |
| VAT L2-3 (cm2) | 200 (85) | 195 (83) | 199 (90) | 0.701 | |
| VAT L4-5 (cm2) | 163 (65) | 158 (65) | 159 (65) | 0.500 | |
| LTPA (MET-hrs/wk) | 16 (22) | 16 (26) | 17 (29) | 15 (16) | 0.390 |
| Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 2137 (1071) | 2144 (986) | 2098 (1052) | 2118 (989) | 0.739 |
| Short-term(6m) weight loss(kg) | 6.7 (5.6) | 2.3 (4.0) | 0.3 (4.0) | <0.001 | |
| Long-term(2y) weight loss(kg) | 5.4 (7.6) | 2.1 (5.7) | 0.0 (5.5) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes Incidence per 1,000 p-yr | 50 | 80 | 100 | 74 | <0.001 |
Data are percentage or Mean (SD), stratified by treatment assignment. P-values from ANOVA F-tests and Chi-Square test of independence. LTPA: leisure-time physical activity. The sample size (N=3,819) is the maximum number used in baseline analyses and includes participants who were subsequently randomized to troglitazone treatment, in addition to those randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo. Sample sizes for: short-term weight loss (n=3085); long-term weight loss (n=3015); diabetes risk (n=3234). We include individuals subsequently randomized to troglitazone in the baseline analyses to maximize statistical power. However, these individuals are not included in the prospective analyses as they represent a relatively small subgroup of the DPP population, which is likely underpowered for treatment stratified analyses.
The troglitazone arm was terminated early(11) and, by consequence, only baseline data are used in this paper.