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. 2013 Nov 5;5(2):153–161. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12141

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Copyright © 2014 Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

© 2013 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effects of intragastric (IG) injection of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on neural activity of parasympathetic nerves supplying to the stomach in urethane‐anesthetized rats. (a) Raw tracing data of gastric vagal nerve activity (GVNA) before and after IG injection of placebo or 1 × 10⁸ LcS. (b) Time‐course data of responses of GVNA to IG injection of the placebo or LcS (1 × 10⁸). Values were expressed mean ± standard error of the mean. The numbers of animals used are shown in parentheses. The significance of difference between values of groups after injection was analyzed by anova.