Table 2. Mean values or frequencies of risk factors for type 2 diabetes according to age groups in 1988 and 2002 by sex.
| Variable | Age (years) | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 2002 | P‐value | 1988 | 2002 | P‐value | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 40–49 | 23.5 (2.9) | 23.9 (3.3) | 0.05 | 23.2 (3.1) | 22.5 (3.7) | 0.008 |
| 50–59 | 23.4 (2.9) | 23.9 (3.0) | 0.04 | 23.3 (3.2) | 23.0 (3.5) | 0.13 | |
| 60–69 | 22.4 (2.9) | 23.6 (2.9) | <0.001 | 23.0 (3.2) | 23.4 (3.3) | 0.06 | |
| 70–79 | 21.3 (2.6) | 22.8 (2.9) | <0.001 | 22.0 (3.3) | 23.3 (3.4) | <0.001 | |
| Overall obesity (%) | 40–49 | 29.1 | 33.1 | 0.29 | 24.6 | 18.7 | 0.048 |
| 50–59 | 29.2 | 31.4 | 0.53 | 25.7 | 24.7 | 0.73 | |
| 60–69 | 21.8 | 30.7 | 0.01 | 26.2 | 30.7 | 0.16 | |
| 70–79 | 7.6 | 21.9 | <0.001 | 18.5 | 30.3 | 0.003 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 40–49 | 83.1 (8.1) | 83.6 (8.4) | 0.45 | 79.3 (9.5) | 76.8 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 83.3 (7.7) | 84.2 (7.9) | 0.11 | 82.1 (9.9) | 79.8 (9.4) | <0.001 | |
| 60–69 | 81.5 (8.4) | 84.1 (7.8) | <0.001 | 83.3 (9.8) | 83.2 (9.2) | 0.87 | |
| 70–79 | 78.8 (7.7) | 83.3 (8.5) | <0.001 | 80.3 (10.6) | 84.8 (9.5) | <0.001 | |
| Central obesity (%) | 40–49 | 18.5 | 23.5 | 0.13 | 49.4 | 32.6 | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 20.6 | 23.9 | 0.28 | 60.0 | 47.6 | <0.001 | |
| 60–69 | 15.5 | 21.6 | 0.052 | 67.5 | 68.4 | 0.79 | |
| 70–79 | 10.6 | 23.5 | 0.002 | 50.8 | 68.8 | <0.001 | |
| Regular exercise (%) | 40–49 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 0.68 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 0.40 |
| 50–59 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 0.28 | 7.0 | 9.8 | 0.13 | |
| 60–69 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 0.45 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 0.63 | |
| 70–79 | 26.4 | 16.2 | 0.02 | 14.2 | 11.4 | 0.36 | |
All values are given as the mean (standard deviations) or as a percentage. Overall obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. Regular exercise was defined as engaging in sports at least three times per week during leisure time.