TABLE 3.
Selected important genes upregulated in PTE-treated C. albicans compared to C. albicans without treatment
| Functional group and gene namea | Descriptiona | Extent of regulation (fold change relative to control)b |
|---|---|---|
| Filamentation | ||
| ESC4 | Protein similar to S. cerevisiae Esc4p, which represses transposition; transposon mutation affects filamentous growth; rat catheter biofilm repressed | 4.07 ± 2.76 |
| CCC1 | Protein described as predicted manganese transporter; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p | 3.63 ± 0.62 |
| orf19.1584 | Predicted ORF from assembly 19; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p | 3.20 ± 1.61 |
| YWP1 | Secreted yeast cell wall protein; possible role in dispersal in host; mutation causes increased adhesion and biofilm formation | 2.83 ± 0.38 |
| AAF1 | Possible regulatory protein with glutamine-rich domain; mRNA detected in yeast-form and hyphal cells | 2.76 ± 0.86 |
| DDR48 | Stress-associated protein; expression regulated by multiple filamentous growth pathways | 2.63 ± 0.90 |
| FGR46 | Protein lacking an orthologue in S. cerevisiae; transposon mutation affects filamentous growth | 2.48 ± 0.19 |
| CHT2 | GPI-linked chitinase required for normal filamentous growth; mRNA is localized to yeast-form buds and hyphal tips | 2.39 ± 0.35 |
| SFL1 | Transcription factor involved in negative regulation of flocculation and filamentous growth | 2.23 ± 0.09 |
| RIM8 | Protein required for alkaline pH-induced hyphal growth; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p | 2.17 ± 0.19 |
| CAR1 | Transcription is regulated by Nrg1p, Mig1p, and Tup1p; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p | 2.04 ± 0.47 |
| CEK1 | ERK family protein kinase, required for wild-type yeast-hypha switching, mating efficiency, and virulence in a mouse model; invasive hyphal growth under some conditions | 2.02 ± 0.45 |
| Protein unfolding (heat shock proteins) | ||
| HSP104 | Described as a heat shock protein; downregulated in biofilms upon treatment with farnesol | 5.66 ± 3.01 |
| HSP78 | Protein described as a heat shock protein; transcriptionally regulated by macrophage response | 3.12 ± 1.17 |
| SSC1 | Heat shock protein; localizes to surface of yeast-form cells, but not hyphae | 2.07 ± 0.31 |
a
As reported in the CGD database (http://www.candidagenome.org/). Abbreviations: ORF, open reading frame; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
b
Data are means ± standard deviations from three experiments.