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. 2014 Apr;58(4):2344–2355. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01583-13

TABLE 3.

Selected important genes upregulated in PTE-treated C. albicans compared to C. albicans without treatment

Functional group and gene namea Descriptiona Extent of regulation (fold change relative to control)b
Filamentation
    ESC4 Protein similar to S. cerevisiae Esc4p, which represses transposition; transposon mutation affects filamentous growth; rat catheter biofilm repressed 4.07 ± 2.76
    CCC1 Protein described as predicted manganese transporter; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p 3.63 ± 0.62
    orf19.1584 Predicted ORF from assembly 19; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p 3.20 ± 1.61
    YWP1 Secreted yeast cell wall protein; possible role in dispersal in host; mutation causes increased adhesion and biofilm formation 2.83 ± 0.38
    AAF1 Possible regulatory protein with glutamine-rich domain; mRNA detected in yeast-form and hyphal cells 2.76 ± 0.86
    DDR48 Stress-associated protein; expression regulated by multiple filamentous growth pathways 2.63 ± 0.90
    FGR46 Protein lacking an orthologue in S. cerevisiae; transposon mutation affects filamentous growth 2.48 ± 0.19
    CHT2 GPI-linked chitinase required for normal filamentous growth; mRNA is localized to yeast-form buds and hyphal tips 2.39 ± 0.35
    SFL1 Transcription factor involved in negative regulation of flocculation and filamentous growth 2.23 ± 0.09
    RIM8 Protein required for alkaline pH-induced hyphal growth; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p 2.17 ± 0.19
    CAR1 Transcription is regulated by Nrg1p, Mig1p, and Tup1p; shows colony morphology-related gene regulation by Ssn6p 2.04 ± 0.47
    CEK1 ERK family protein kinase, required for wild-type yeast-hypha switching, mating efficiency, and virulence in a mouse model; invasive hyphal growth under some conditions 2.02 ± 0.45
Protein unfolding (heat shock proteins)
    HSP104 Described as a heat shock protein; downregulated in biofilms upon treatment with farnesol 5.66 ± 3.01
    HSP78 Protein described as a heat shock protein; transcriptionally regulated by macrophage response 3.12 ± 1.17
    SSC1 Heat shock protein; localizes to surface of yeast-form cells, but not hyphae 2.07 ± 0.31
a

As reported in the CGD database (http://www.candidagenome.org/). Abbreviations: ORF, open reading frame; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

b

Data are means ± standard deviations from three experiments.