FIG 5.

Quantification of apoptotic promastigotes. (A) Confocal microscopy examination of L. donovani promastigotes incubated with compound 1 at its IC₅₀ (lower panel) or left untreated (upper panel) and then labeled with CFSE and annexin V-PE. Representative slides from triplicate experiments are shown. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of L. donovani promastigotes labeled with annexin V-AF488 and PI. Staurosporine (STS) was used as a positive control for apoptosis. The left panels show dot plots from control or treated parasites, and right panels show the quantification of annexin V-positive cells. Each panel is representative of triplicate experiments. (C) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of annexin V⁺ promastigotes, treated with compound 1 (1), compound 2 (2), or STS or left untreated (Un). Results are expressed as means ± SEM of data from triplicate experiments, and significance is expressed as follows: *, P < 0.05.