Table 3.
Adolescent depressive symptoms (logged), level of self-assessed health, and probability of fair or poor self-assessed health regressed on mother’s union status at birth (n = 2,033)
| Logged Depressive Symptomsa |
Self-Assessed Health (5-category)b |
Probability of Fair or Poor Self-Assessed Healthc |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | |
| Mother’s Union Status at Birth | ||||||
| Never married not cohabiting | −0.020 (0.052) | 0.076 (0.093) | −0.067 (0.078) | −0.001 (0.139) | 0.560* (0.283) | 0.265 (0.507) |
| Never married and cohabiting | 0.010 (0.053) | 0.063 (0.079) | −0.158* (0.080) | −0.214+ (0.118) | 0.526+ (0.288) | 0.658+ (0.394) |
| (REF = mother married at birth) | ||||||
| Control Variables | ||||||
| Age 16 (REF = Age 14–15) | −0.002 (0.041) | −0.002 (0.041) | −0.017 (0.062) | −0.017 (0.062) | 0.121 (0.236) | 0.124 (0.236) |
| Age 17 (REF = Age 14–15) | −0.098 (0.074) | −0.101 (0.074) | 0.02 (0.111) | 0.014 (0.111) | −0.387 (0.483) | −0.395 (0.484) |
| Age 18 (REF = Age 14–15) | 0.025 (0.071) | 0.027 (0.071) | −0.293** (0.106) | −0.291** (0.106) | 0.745* (0.318) | 0.737* (0.318) |
| Mother’s age at R’s birth | −0.016*** (0.005) | −0.016*** (0.005) | 0.001 (0.007) | 0.001 (0.007) | 0.001 (0.028) | 0.001 (0.028) |
| Female (REF = male) | 0.145*** (0.032) | 0.144*** (0.032) | −0.206*** (0.049) | −0.205*** (0.049) | 0.365+ (0.193) | 0.366+ (0.193) |
| Maternal grandmother’s years of education | −0.007 (0.008) | −0.007 (0.008) | 0.007 (0.012) | 0.007 (0.012) | −0.076+ (0.043) | −0.075+ (0.043) |
| Mother had intact biological family (REF = no) | 0.000 (0.037) | 0.001 (0.037) | 0.006 (0.056) | 0.005 (0.056) | 0.043 (0.213) | 0.047 (0.213) |
| Mother’s cognitive ability (AFQT) | −0.001 (0.001) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | −0.009+ (0.005) | −0.010+ (0.005) |
| Mother’s poverty status (1979) | 0.028 (0.047) | 0.031 (0.047) | −0.054 (0.067) | −0.054 (0.067) | 0.066 (0.241) | 0.068 (0.242) |
| Mother black (REF= white) | −0.015 (0.045) | 0.036 (0.056) | 0.143* (0.068) | 0.139+ (0.085) | −0.193 (0.258) | −0.241 (0.367) |
| Interactions | ||||||
| Never-married not cohabiting mother X black | --- | −0.152 (0.109) | --- | −0.076 (0.164) | --- | 0.377 (0.613) |
| Never-married cohabiting mother X black | --- | −0.113 (0.105) | --- | 0.086 (0.157) | --- | −0.176 (0.567) |
| Constant | 1.885*** (0.128) | 1.871*** (0.128) | --- | --- | −2.083** (0.759) | −2.070** (0.760) |
| ___cut 1 | --- | --- | −2.537*** (0.227) | −2.537*** (0.228) | --- | --- |
| ___cut 2 | --- | --- | −1.403*** (0.197) | −1.403*** (0.198) | --- | --- |
| ___cut 3 | --- | --- | −0.373+ (0.195) | −0.373+ (0.196) | --- | --- |
| ___cut 4 | --- | --- | 0.566** (0.195) | 0.567** (0.196) | --- | --- |
Notes:
*
p < .05;
**
p <.01;
***
p < .001 (two-tailed tests);
a
OLS regression models;
b
Ordered probit regression models;
c
Logistic regression models.
Supplementary analyses indicated no significant interactions of mother’s union status at birth with baseline poverty status or adolescent sex.