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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cancer Ther. 2014 Feb 25;13(5):1323–1333. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0904

Figure 5. Loss of TTP induce angiogenesis and tumor growth in murine floor-of-mouth.

Figure 5

(A) TTP was transiently downregulated in UM-SCC-81B cells, immunoblotted for TTP and actin (left panel). In-vitro tubule formation assay was performed with CM collected from these cells (middle-left panel). Average number and length of tubes were quantified from 10 representative fields (right panel *p<0.001). (B) IL-6 was transiently downregulated in UM-SCC-81B-shTTP cells. Cell lysates were immunoblotted for IL-6 and actin (left panel). In-vitro tubule formation assay was performed and quantified for 10 fields (middle-left and right panel respectively) (*p<0.02). (C) UM-SCC-81B-shTTP and shControl (scramble) cells were implanted in the floor-of-mouth of nude mice (n=6). Mice were euthanized when moribund and control mice were euthanized concurrently. A representative image of control and test mice bearing tumor (black circle) is shown (left panel). Sections from the shControl and shTTP tumors were stained with H&E and immunostained with Factor-VIII and cytokeratin antibodies and blood vessels in 10 representative fields were quantified (middle and left panels *p<0.008). (D) Summary Figure: Extracellular GAL stimulates GALR2/RAP1B to induce p38-MAPK to inactivate TTP. Inactivation of TTP inhibits degradation of IL-6 and VEGF mRNA transcripts, thereby causing increased pro-angiogenic cytokine secretion, angiogenesis and tumor growth.