Table 1. Demographics of subjects with or without albuminuria and diabetic retiopathy.
| Absence of albuminuria or retinopathy (n = 2500) | Isolated albuminuria (n = 610) | Isolated retinopathy (n = 86) | Concomitance of albuminuria and wih retinopathy (n = 44) | |
| Age (years) | 60.2±11 | 62.4±11.2 | 64.5±9.8* | 63.2±9.7 |
| Male | 1016(40.6) | 160(26.2) | 40(46.5) | 13(29.5) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.4±18.2 | 134±19.1 | 138.7±20.5** | 134.0±16.4 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.8±9.8 | 82.9±9.9 | 84.1±10.2* | 81.4±9.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.3 | 24.7±3.3 | 25.1±3.7 | 24.9±2.9 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82.1±9.5 | 83.3±9.4 | 85.6±10.7* | 84.0±9.3 |
| WHR | 0.87±0.07 | 0.87±0.06 | 0.89±0.06* | 0.88±0.06 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.96±1.52 | 6.06±1.78 | 7.42±2.88* | 8.79±3.91* |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 7.58±3.4.0 | 7.66±3.48 | 9.41±5.23* | 10.54±7.78* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7(5.4–6.1) | 5.8(5.4–6.2) | 6.5(5.8–7.7)* | 7.4(6.0–10.3)* |
| Total cholesterol(mmol/L) | 4.85±1.02 | 5.03±1.05 | 4.71±0.82 | 5.04±0.89 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.34(0.97–1.91) | 1.40(1.00–2.04) | 1.31(1.04–1.86) | 1.38(0.97–2.15) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.33±0.37 | 1.33±0.37 | 1.25±0.33 | 1.31±0.40 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.92±0.97 | 3.02±0.88 | 2.83±0.67 | 3.06±0.80 |
| CRP | 0.89(0.43–1.86) | 1.43(0.73–3.21)* | 0.67(0.40–2.01) | 2.32(0.70–4.37)* |
| CVD | 321(12.8) | 112(18.4) | 14(16.3) | 11(25) |
| Current smoker | 427(17.3) | 63(10.3) | 7(8.1) | 7(15.9) |
| Hypertension | 1260(50.4) | 373(61.1) | 64(74.4) | 28(63.6) |
| Obesity | 115(4.6) | 35(5.7) | 9(10.5) | 1(2.3) |
| Diabetes | 558(22.3) | 161(26.4) | 46(53.5) | 28(63.6) |
| Known | 295(11.8) | 93(15.2) | 33(38.4) | 24(54.5) |
| Newly-diagnosed | 263(10.5) | 68(11.1) | 13(15.1) | 4(9.0) |
| IGR | 696(27.8) | 145(23.8) | 17(19.8) | 5(11.4) |
| Urine test | 1439(57.6) | 217(35.6) | 58(67.4) | 27(61.4) |
| WBC positive | 251(17.4) | 42(19.4) | 8(13.8) | 3(11.1) |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||
| IDF | 781(31.5) | 230(38.4) | 38(44.2) | 21(48.8) |
| ATP III | 1069(43.3) | 298(50.4) | 49(57) | 26(61.9) |
| CDS | 761(30.6) | 223(37.0) | 41(47.7) | 21(48.8) |
Categorical variables were expressed as numbers (percentage).
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25% and 75%quartile) for non-normally distributed variables.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD,cardiovascular disease; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
*P<0.05,
**P<0.01 comparison with subgroup of absence of albuminuria or retinopathy using an one-way ANOVA with SNK analysis in regard to quantitative data and a Kruskal-Wallis H for non-normally distributed data.