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. 2014 May 16;9(5):e97913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097913

Table 1. Normal values of anterior ocular parameters.

M±SD Minimum Maximum
CCT (µm) 552±26 483 621
ACD (mm) 3.03±0.35 1.89 3.83
KPI (%) 2.8±4.5 0 21.9
PD (mm) 3.04±0.56 1.24 4.87
SimK Values (D)
SimK average 43.47±1.29 39.43 47.17
SimK f 42.96±1.28 39.20 46.54
SimK s 43.99±1.38 39.66 47.81
Astigmatism 1.03±0.61 0.07 3.16
Anterior Instantaneous Curvature (D)
K average 43.23±1.29 39.23 46.63
K f 42.74±1.28 39.09 46.00
Ks 43.72±1.37 39.36 47.26
Astigmatism 0.98±0.55 0.1 2.94
ε2 0.25±0.17 −1.06 0.61
Posterior Axial Curvature (D)
K average −6.27±0.23 −6.84 −5.67
K f −6.10±0.22 −6.66 −5.50
Ks −6.44±0.26 −7.02 −5.73
astigmatism −0.34±0.14 −0.71 −0.02
ε2 0.31±0.38 −0.24 3.35
Total Corneal Power (D)
Mean 41.77±1.27 37.81 45.44
Flat 41.31±1.26 37.51 44.90
Steep 42.24±1.34 38.10 45.98
Astigmatism 0.93±0.58 0.06 3.10
Central Avg. (0–4 mm diameter) 41.73±1.27 37.78 45.45
Paracentral Avg. (4–7 mm diameter) 42.25±1.34 38.33 45.85
Peripheral Avg. (7–8 mm diameter) 42.63±1.46 38.85 46.52
Axial Curvature (D)
Central Avg. (0–4 mm diameter) 43.50±1.30 39.48 47.25
Paracentral Avg. (4–7 mm diameter) 42.98±1.28 39.05 46.28
Peripheral Avg. (7–8 mm diameter) 42.33±1.27 38.81 45.38
RMS Wavefront (µm)
Total 1.33±0.87 0.37 7.95
HOA 0.61±0.33 0.18 3.17
Spherical Aberration 0.19±0.13 −0.45 0.80

Note: anterior chamber depth (ACD), average (Avg.), central corneal thickness (CCT), diopter (D), flat (f), high-order aberration (HOA), keratoconus prediction index (KPI), mean (M), pupil diameter (PD), root mean square (RMS), simulated keratometry (SimK), steep (s), standard deviation (SD),