Table 2. Chi square test on demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and health behaviors with overweight.
| Variables | Subcategory | Male† | Female‡ | Interaction p-value | ||||
| 18.5≤ BMI <25 (%) | 25≤ BMI (%) | p-value | 18.5≤ BMI <25 (%) | 25≤ BMI (%) | p-value | |||
| Age (yrs) | 45–54 | 39.5 | 43.8 | <.001 | 37.6 | 30.7 | <.001 | |
| 55–64 | 31.6 | 34.4 | 27.5 | 32.8 | 0.010 | |||
| 65–74 | 20.8 | 17.1 | 21.7 | 26.3 | <.0001 | |||
| ≥75 | 8.1 | 4.7 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 0.002 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 91.0 | 93.4 | 0.056 | 73.1 | 71.8 | 0.429 | |
| Widowed/divorced/single | 9.0 | 6.6 | 26.9 | 28.2 | 0.128 | |||
| Level of education | College or higher | 19.8 | 19.4 | 0.290 | 6.0 | 3.0 | <.001 | |
| High school | 38.6 | 42.8 | 28.1 | 22.8 | 0.211 | |||
| Middle school | 17.5 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 19.4 | 0.007 | |||
| Less than elementary school | 24.1 | 21.2 | 48.7 | 54.9 | 0.001 | |||
| Residence | Rural | 20.9 | 17.4 | 0.045 | 23.3 | 19.0 | 0.003 | |
| Urban | 79.1 | 82.6 | 76.7 | 81.1 | 0.859 | |||
| General quality of life | <60 | 33.6 | 28.6 | 0.031 | 38.9 | 40.6 | 0.638 | |
| 60–79 | 41.0 | 41.3 | 38.1 | 37.1 | 0.078 | |||
| ≥80 | 25.4 | 30.1 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 0.005 | |||
| Employment | Yes | 68.0 | 73.7 | 0.005 | 35.6 | 29.6 | 0.001 | |
| No | 32.0 | 26.3 | 64.4 | 70.4 | <.0001 | |||
| Household income | 1st quartile | 22.7 | 17.5 | <.001 | 24.8 | 27.5 | 0.332 | |
| 2nd quartile | 22.1 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 22.0 | 0.215 | |||
| 3rd quartile | 27.9 | 26.3 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 0.065 | |||
| 4th quartile | 27.3 | 36.7 | 27.3 | 25.3 | <.0001 | |||
| Medical insurance | Medical Aid | 5.0 | 2.8 | 0.015 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 0.112 | |
| National Health Insurance | 95.0 | 97.3 | 94.7 | 93.4 | 0.004 | |||
| Self-rated health | Excellent | 4.7 | 5.6 | 0.277 | 3.6 | 2.2 | <.001 | |
| Good | 44.4 | 48.5 | 32.7 | 24.2 | 0.547 | |||
| Fair | 33.6 | 30.0 | 36.2 | 37.9 | 0.028 | |||
| Poor | 14.7 | 13.2 | 22.9 | 30.9 | 0.004 | |||
| Bad | 2.7 | 2.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 0.122 | |||
| Depression | Yes | 37.4 | 30.4 | 0.002 | 47.9 | 49.1 | 0.518 | |
| No | 62.6 | 69.6 | 52.1 | 50.9 | 0.006 | |||
| Disability | Yes | 22.3 | 19.3 | 0.103 | 31.5 | 40.1 | <.001 | |
| No | 77.7 | 80.7 | 68.5 | 59.9 | <.0001 | |||
| Chronic diseases | Yes | 33.3 | 43.8 | <.001 | 39.3 | 59.4 | <.001 | |
| No | 66.8 | 56.2 | 60.7 | 40.6 | 0.001 | |||
| Exercise | Yes | 38.3 | 46.5 | <.001 | 34.9 | 36.8 | 0.312 | |
| No | 61.7 | 53.5 | 65.1 | 63.2 | 0.038 | |||
| Smoking | Smoker | 42.7 | 37.5 | 0.066 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 0.504 | |
| Ex-smoker | 24.2 | 25.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.444 | |||
| Non-smoker | 33.1 | 37.4 | 96.4 | 95.7 | 0.044 | |||
| Drinking | Drinker | 65.8 | 66.7 | 0.651 | 20.7 | 22.0 | 0.344 | |
| Ex-drinker | 13.5 | 14.3 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 0.756 | |||
| Non-drinker | 20.6 | 19.0 | 74.9 | 72.7 | 0.867 | |||
†
Sample size = 3,574 weighted = 6,931,093.
‡
Sample size = 4,583 weighted = 7,709,410.