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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Apr 29;62(5):880–888. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12796

Figure 2. Age-standardized (at 70) probability of healthy survival (free of chronic disease, cognitive impairment and disability) by number of risk factors present at baseline.

Figure 2

The probabilities of healthy survival are estimated assuming all 6 groups start at age 70 in the graph. All participants were Japanese American men followed from late-life baseline (1991–1993) to 2012. Among those alive at age 85, exceptional survival was defined as absence of 6 major chronic diseases and absence of physical and cognitive disability. Survival risk score indicates number of risk factors (education < 12years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure >160, CASI score 74–81.9, ankle-brachial index <0.9, poor self-rated health, high fibrinogen >351 mg/dl, higher white blood count >6000 cells/m3).