The probabilities of healthy survival are estimated assuming all 6 groups start at age 70 in the graph. All participants were Japanese American men followed from late-life baseline (1991–1993) to 2012. Among those alive at age 85, exceptional survival was defined as absence of 6 major chronic diseases and absence of physical and cognitive disability. Survival risk score indicates number of risk factors (education < 12years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure >160, CASI score 74–81.9, ankle-brachial index <0.9, poor self-rated health, high fibrinogen >351 mg/dl, higher white blood count >6000 cells/m3).