Effect of over-expressing Sp1, Sp3, or Sp4 on the transcript levels of AMPA receptor subunit genes. (A) N2a cells transfected with Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 expression vectors revealed an up-regulation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 transcripts, respectively. N = 6. (B) Sp4 over-expression, but not Sp1 or Sp3 over-expression, increased Gria2 transcript levels. N = 6. (C-D) In N2a cells, protein levels of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 were increased significantly with over-expression of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, respectively. A representative blot of the loading control, β-actin, is shown. N = 3. (E-F) In N2a cells, the protein level of GluA2, but not that of GluA1, was increased significantly with over-expression of Sp4. Protein levels of GluA1 and GluA2 did not change significantly with over-expressing Sp1 or Sp3. The loading control was β-actin. N = 3. (G) Over-expression of Sp1, Sp3, or Sp4 in primary neurons increased transcript levels of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, respectively. N = 3. (H) Sp4, Sp3, and Sp1 over-expression increased Gria2 transcript levels, but not Gria1, Gria3 and Gria4 transcript levels, in primary neurons. N = 3. *= P < 0.05, **= P < 0.01, and ***= P < 0.001 when compared to controls.