Effect of changes in neuronal activity on Gria1, 2, 3, and 4 transcript levels in the absence or presence of Sp4 silencing or over-expression in rat visual cortical neurons. (A) Transcript levels of Sp4 and all AMPA receptor subunit genes were increased by 5 h of 20 mM KCl treatment. Silencing Sp4 reduced its own transcript levels as well as that of Gria2, but not those of Gria1, 3, or 4. Sp4 silencing also did not allow for transcript levels of Sp4 itself and Gria2 to increase with KCl, but it had no effect on KCl-induced up-regulation of Gria1, Gria3, and Gria4 transcripts. N = 3. (B) Transcript levels of Sp4 and all AMPA receptor subunit genes were decreased with 3 days of 0.4 μM TTX treatment. Sp4 over-expression significantly increased its own transcript levels as well as that of Gria2, but not those of Gria1, 3, or 4. Sp4 over-expression also rescued the TTX-mediated down-regulation of Gria2 transcript levels, but not those of Gria1, Gria3, and Gria4 transcripts. N = 3. *= P < 0.05, **= P < 0.01, and ***= P < 0.001 when compared to controls. # = P < 0.05, ## = P < 0.01, ### = P < 0.001 and X = non-significant when compared to KCl or TTX treatment alone.