Table 4.
Estimated Discharge Function Based on Alternative Subsamples
| N | % of Dual Eligibles | % of Medicaid Residents | FTE RNs | FTE LPNs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicare Only (alpha) | Diff. of Dual Eligibles (beta) | Medicare Only (alpha) | Diff. of Dual Eligibles (beta) | Medicare Only (alpha) | Diff. of Dual Eligibles (beta) | |||
| Original sample | 128,785 | 22.20 | −0.0185*** | 0.01000*** | 0.0186*** | −0.0139*** | 0.0268*** | −0.0103** |
| White | 119,035 | 18.36 | −0.0181*** | 0.0117*** | 0.0196*** | −0.0126*** | 0.0272*** | −0.00772** |
| Black | 9,924 | 51.64 | −0.0218*** | 0.00714*** | 0.0224*** | −0.0195*** | 0.0315*** | −0.0139*** |
| Hip fracture (100% sample) | 69,847 | 19.11 | −0.0188*** | 0.00880*** | 0.0204*** | −0.0119*** | 0.0266*** | −0.00776 |
| Heart failure (100% sample) | 27,268 | 25.09 | −0.0176*** | 0.00812*** | 0.0163*** | −0.0135*** | 0.0237*** | −0.0101*** |
| COPD (100% sample) | 14,302 | 28.64 | −0.0174*** | 0.00864*** | 0.0168*** | −0.00788** | 0.0223*** | −0.0102*** |
| Stroke (100% sample) | 43,066 | 26.66 | −0.0164*** | 0.00840*** | 0.0142*** | −0.0139*** | 0.0245*** | −0.0122*** |
| Quintiles of probability of being a dual† | ||||||||
| 1 | 26,239 | 13.37 | −0.0218*** | 0.00924*** | 0.0180*** | −0.0175*** | 0.0270*** | −0.0123* |
| 2 | 26,212 | 16.63 | −0.0206*** | 0.0100*** | 0.0210*** | −0.0185*** | 0.0308*** | −0.0159*** |
| 3 | 26,279 | 20.82 | −0.0185*** | 0.00855*** | 0.0190*** | −0.0147*** | 0.0279*** | −0.00980* |
| 4 | 25,927 | 27.54 | −0.0167*** | 0.00775*** | 0.0192*** | −0.0163*** | 0.0271*** | −0.0105** |
| 5 | 26,034 | 33.71 | −0.0145*** | 0.00928*** | 0.0161*** | −0.0018*** | 0.0214*** | −0.00171 |
| From hospitals that own IRF | ||||||||
| No | 73,701 | 22.00 | −0.0188*** | 0.0112*** | 0.0189*** | −0.0084*** | 0.0289*** | −0.00639 |
| Yes | 49,989 | 21.87 | −0.0187*** | 0.00954*** | 0.0199*** | −0.0176*** | 0.0251*** | −0.00960** |
| From hospitals that own SNF | ||||||||
| No | 83,029 | 22.46 | −0.0190*** | 0.0117*** | 0.0150*** | −0.00919** | 0.0253*** | −0.00929** |
| Yes | 40,661 | 20.91 | −0.0161*** | 0.00946*** | 0.0296*** | −0.0161*** | 0.0295*** | −0.00154 |
| Rurality | ||||||||
| Low | 69,071 | 21.14 | −0.0202*** | 0.0094*** | 0.0191*** | −0.0167*** | 0.0301*** | −0.0153*** |
| High | 69,029 | 23.31 | −0.0161*** | 0.0101*** | 0.0175*** | −0.0069** | 0.0217*** | −0.0034 |
Note.
***
p < 0.01
**
p < 0.05
*
p < 0.1.
†
The probabilities are estimated using demographic characteristics, education, Elixhauser and Deyo indexes, length of stay at the hospital, hospital admission DRG, and origin ZIP code fixed effects.
Robust z-statistics in brackets.
CNA, certified nursing assistant; FTE, full-time equivalent; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; LPN, licensed practical nurse; RN, registered nurse; RUGS, resource utilization group.