Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Jan;1307:89–103. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12348

Table 2.

Risk of bias of reviewed studies

Selection bias Detection bias Attrition
bias		 Reporting
bias		 Performance bias
Publication Random
sequence
generation		 Allocation
concealment		 Other:
baseline/
group
differences		 Blinding of
outcome
assessment		 Incomplete
outcome
data		 Selective
reporting		 Blinding of
participants
and
personnel		 Other: control
condition/
group		 Other:
treatment
fidelity		 Other:
compliance		 Other:
credibility
expectancy
Alexander et al.40 ? ? + + ? ? ? + ? + ?
Lavretsky et al.47 + ? + ? ? ? ? + ? ? ?
McHugh et al.52 ? ? + ? + ? ? + + + ?
Moynihan et al.54 + ? + ? ? − ? − + + ?
Oken et al.58 + + + + + ? ? + ? + +
Sun et al.66 + ? + ? + ? ? − ? ? ?
Ernst et al.70 N/A N/A − ? − ? ? − ? + ?
Newberg et al.75 N/A N/A N/A ? ? ? ? N/A ? + N/A
Pagnoni et al.77 N/A N/A ? ? N/A ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Prakash et al.87 N/A N/A ? + N/A ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Van Leeuwen et al.81 N/A N/A ? ? N/A ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Jedrczak et al.83 N/A N/A N/A ? N/A ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Note: +, low risk; −, high risk; ?, unknown risk.