Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 May 13;5:3775. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4775

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2014, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Downregulation of mRNA for HCN channels in trained rats. Mean (+s.e.m.) expression of mRNA for HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4 (normalized to expression of 18S) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained rats is shown (n=5/8; FDR-corrected Limma test). (b) Significant correlations between HCN4 mRNA and normalized (left) and heart rate in vitro and HCN4 mRNA (right) in sedentary and trained rats. Each point corresponds to a different animal. In all scatter plots: filled circles represent data from sedentary animals, and open circles represent data from trained animals. Data fit with straight lines by linear regression (n=4/8; R² and P values shown). (c) Downregulation of HCN4 protein in trained rats. Representative images of HCN4 immunolabelling (red signal) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained rats are shown in the left and middle panels, respectively (scale bar, 100 μm). The right panel shows the mean (+s.e.m.) HCN4 protein expression quantified using ImageJ from the NIH (n=4). (d) Downregulation of mRNA for HCN4 in trained mice. The left panel shows the mean (+s.e.m.) expression of HCN4 mRNA (normalized to expression of 18S) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained mice (n=6/7) and the right panel shows a significant correlation between heart rate in vitro and HCN4 mRNA in sedentary and trained mice. Each point corresponds to a different animal. Data fit with a straight line by linear regression (n=5/7; R² and P values shown). (e) Downregulation of HCN4 protein in trained mice. Representative images of HCN4 immunolabelling (green signal) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained mice are shown in the left and middle panels, respectively (scale bar, 10 μm). The right panel shows mean (+s.e.m.) HCN4 protein expression (n=4). Student’s t-test used to test differences between data from sedentary and trained animals. Normal distribution of data was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk W-test and equal variance was tested using the F-test. When the null hypothesis of normality and/or equal variance was rejected, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used. *P<0.05.

Inline graphic — (a) Downregulation of mRNA for HCN channels in trained rats. Mean (+s.e.m.) expression of mRNA for HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4 (normalized to expression of 18S) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained rats is shown (n=5/8; FDR-corrected Limma test). (b) Significant correlations between HCN4 mRNA and normalized (left) and heart rate in vitro and HCN4 mRNA (right) in sedentary and trained rats. Each point corresponds to a different animal. In all scatter plots: filled circles represent data from sedentary animals, and open circles represent data from trained animals. Data fit with straight lines by linear regression (n=4/8; R² and P values shown). (c) Downregulation of HCN4 protein in trained rats. Representative images of HCN4 immunolabelling (red signal) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained rats are shown in the left and middle panels, respectively (scale bar, 100 μm). The right panel shows the mean (+s.e.m.) HCN4 protein expression quantified using ImageJ from the NIH (n=4). (d) Downregulation of mRNA for HCN4 in trained mice. The left panel shows the mean (+s.e.m.) expression of HCN4 mRNA (normalized to expression of 18S) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained mice (n=6/7) and the right panel shows a significant correlation between heart rate in vitro and HCN4 mRNA in sedentary and trained mice. Each point corresponds to a different animal. Data fit with a straight line by linear regression (n=5/7; R² and P values shown). (e) Downregulation of HCN4 protein in trained mice. Representative images of HCN4 immunolabelling (green signal) in the sinus node of sedentary and trained mice are shown in the left and middle panels, respectively (scale bar, 10 μm). The right panel shows mean (+s.e.m.) HCN4 protein expression (n=4). Student’s t-test used to test differences between data from sedentary and trained animals. Normal distribution of data was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk W-test and equal variance was tested using the F-test. When the null hypothesis of normality and/or equal variance was rejected, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used. *P<0.05.