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. 2014 May 7;9(Suppl 1):107–116. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50742

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery.

Notes: (A) Kinetics of in vitro release of BMP-2 from Ti and Ti/GO substrates. The BMP-2 loaded Ti and Ti/GO were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. At various time points, the supernatant was collected and the concentration of BMP-2 in the supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n=5 per group). *P<05 compared with Ti. (B) Bioactivity of BMP-2 released from Ti and Ti/GO substrates, as evaluated by measuring the ALP activity. (C) Bioactivity of BMP-2 released from Ti and Ti/GO substrates, as evaluated by measuring mRNA expression of osteogenic markers, Runx2 and ALP, of osteoblasts cultured on a tissue culture plate with or without the BMP-2 delivery device. Cultures with or without a daily addition of BMP-2 to the culture medium served as controls. *P<05 compared with Ti/BMP-2.

Abbreviations: Ti, titanium; GO, graphene oxide; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2.