Table 1. Clinical characteristics of control subjects and type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic neuropathy.
| Control subjects | Type 2 diabetic patients | Without neuropathy | With neuropathy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (male/female) | 42 (25/17) | 75 (54/21) | 57 (41/16) | 18 (13/5) |
| Age (years) | 53.1 ± 1.8 | 55.6 ± 1.3 | 54.4 ± 1.6 | 59.4 ± 1.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 0.5 | 26.5 ± 0.7*** | 26.9 ± 0.9 | 25.2 ± 0.7 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.8 ± 1.4 | 148.4 ± 1.9*** | 148.7 ± 2.2 | 147.3 ± 3.8 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.1 ± 0.6 | 88.7 ± 0.7*** | 89.2 ± 0.8 | 87.0 ± 1.6 |
| No. treated with ARB/ACEI (%) | 6 (14.3) | 13 (17.3) | 10 (17.5) | 5 (27.8) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.06 | 9.1 ± 0.22*** | 9.1 ± 0.27 | 9.0 ± 0.41 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.75 ± 0.10 | 3.40 ± 0.11** | 3.47 ± 0.13 | 3.15 ± 0.17 |
| No. treated with statins (%) | 5 (11.9%) | 14 (18.7) | 10 (17.5) | 4 (22.2) |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.88 ± 0.075 | 1.46 ± 0.044** | 1.49 ± 0.05 | 1.34 ± 0.074 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 2.59 ± 0.31*** | 2.57 ± 0.339 | 2.66 ± 0.843 |
| ACR (mg/gCr) | 7.0 ± 1.9 | 234.9 ± 104.2 | 106.1 ± 40.3 | 642.8 ± 417.6 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 78.7 ± 2.7 | 88.1 ± 3.1 | 89.1 ± 3.5 | 84.9 ± 7.0 |
| APTT (min) | 32.4 ± 0.6 | 30.1 ± 0.44* | 30.0 ± 0.54 | 30.4 ± 0.75 |
| PT‐INR | 1.11 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ± 0.01*** | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 1.05 ± 0.03 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 237.9 ± 7.3 | 289.3 ± 12.9* | 284.0 ± 12.8 | 306.3 ± 36.9 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 8.4 ± 0.92 | 6.7 ± 0.84 | 13.6 ± 2.5## |
Data are the mean ± standard error of the mean in control subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes with or without diabetic neuropathy (DN). *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001 compared with control subjects; ##P < 0.01 compared with type 2 diabetic patients without DN. Statistical analyses were carried out with analysis of variance. To standardize glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values to National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program units, 0.4% was added to the measured HbA1c values. ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; PT‐INR, prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.