Table 1. Relative risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular disease associated with carotid intima‐media thickness in main prospective studies.
| Study [ref.] | No. participants | Sex/age | Measured IMT | Follow‐up time (event) | Relative risk (95% CI) [Hazard ratio for CIMT] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIHD22 | 1,288 | M/42–60 | Max‐IMT (CCA) | 1.0 (MI) | 2.17 (0.70–6.74) [CIMT ≥1 vs <1 mm] |
| ROT23 | 1,373 | M/F/≥55 | Mean‐IMT (CCA) | 2.7 (MI) | 1.43 (1.16–1.78) [per 1SD (0.16 mm) CIMT]a |
| 2.7 (stroke) | 1.41 (1.25–1.82) [per 1SD (0.16 mm) CIMT]a | ||||
| CHS18 | 4,476 | M/F/≥65 | Max‐IMT (CCA) | 6.2 (MI) | 3.17 (1.96–5.12) [5th vs 1st CIMT quintile]a |
| 6.2 (stroke) | 2.76 (1.80–4.24) [5th vs 1st CIMT quintile]a | ||||
| ARIC24 | 5,552 | M/45–64 | Mean‐IMT (overall) | 5.2 (MI) | 1.85 (1.28–2.69) [>1 mm, yes vs no]b |
| 7,189 | F/45–64 | Mean‐IMT (overall) | 5.2 (MI) | 5.07 (3.08–8.36) [>1 mm, yes vs no]b | |
| 6,349 | M/45–64 | Mean‐IMT (overall) | 7.2 (stroke) | 1.98 (1.24–3.15) [>1 mm, yes vs no]b | |
| 7,865 | F/45–64 | Mean‐IMT (overall) | 7.2 (stroke) | 3.31 (1.88–5.81) [>1 mm, yes vs no]b | |
| Yoshida, et al.28 | 783 | M/F/30–75 (T2DM) | Mean‐IMT in CCA | 7.2 (CVD) | 2.39 (1.19–4.81) [per 1SD CIMT]a |
| Present study | 469 | M/F/≥25 (T2DM) | Max‐IMT (overall) | 6.1 (CVD) | 1.62 (1.32–2.00) [per 1SD CIMT]a |
ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; CCA, common carotid artery; CI, confidence interval; IMT; intima‐media thickness; CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; CIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; F, female; KIHD, Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Study; M, male; MI, myocardial infarction; ROT, Rotterdam Study; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.
a
Age and sex adjusted.
b
Age and race adjusted.