Figure 1.

Numbers of circulating stem and progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of patients. (a) CD45^dimCD31⁺CD133⁺ endothelial progenitor cells (EPC); (b) CD45^dimCD31⁺CD34⁺KDR⁺ EPC; (c) CD45⁻CD29⁺CD90⁺ mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); (d) CD45⁻CD105⁺STRO‐1 MSC; (e) Lin⁻CD45⁺CD133⁺ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC); (f) Lin⁻CD45⁺CD34⁺ HSC; (g) Lin⁻CD45⁻CD34⁺ very small embryonic‐like (VSEL) cells; (h) Lin⁻CD45⁻CD133⁺ VSEL cells. Flow cytometry phenotyping. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs healthy volunteers (H); $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001 vs type 2 diabetes group (T2DM); ^#P < 0.05 vs type 2 diabetes patients with non‐infected ulceration (DFU). Results are shown as box and whisker charts displaying minimum, maximum, median, upper and lower quartiles. CHPON, Charcot peripheral osteoneuropathy; DFU‐H, type 2 diabetes patients with healed ulceration; DFU‐I, type 2 diabetes patients with infected ulceration.