Table 2.
Multivariate associations of demographic and lifestyle characteristics with low and very low food security compared with food security in 251 Dutch food bank recipients†
| Determinants | N | Low food security versus food security, OR (95% CI) | N | Very low food security versus food security, OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 108 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 74 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 44 | 0.64 (0.34 to 1.19) | 15 | 0.24* (0.11 to 0.51) |
| Women (Ref) | 65 | 1.00 | 59 | 1.00 |
| Duration of being recipient (months) | ||||
| 0–6 | 38 | 1.12 (0.54 to 2.30) | 28 | 1.40 (0.63 to 3.10) |
| 6–12 | 30 | 1.26 (0.56 to 2.80) | 17 | 1.06 (0.43 to 2.61) |
| >12 (Ref) | 41 | 1.00 | 29 | 1.00 |
| Household size | ||||
| 1 person | 39 | 0.51 (0.19 to 1.36) | 27 | 0.50 (0.17 to 1.49) |
| 2–4 persons | 51 | 0.94 (0.35 to 2.49) | 34 | 0.81 (0.28 to 2.39) |
| ≥5 persons (Ref) | 19 | 1.00 | 13 | 1.00 |
| Household composition | ||||
| Single parent household | 22 | 0.55 (0.20 to 1.47) | 25 | 1.52 (0.51 to 4.50) |
| Household without children | 50 | 0.39** (0.18 to 0.88) | 35 | 0.78 (0.30 to 2.06) |
| Multiple household with children (Ref) | 37 | 1.00 | 13 | 1.00 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Dutch | 81 | 1.07 (0.52 to 2.21) | 48 | 0.60 (0.27 to 1.30) |
| Non-Dutch ancestry (Ref) | 27 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Low | 17 | 2.80 (0.83 to 9.39) | 13 | 5.05** (1.37 to 18.61) |
| Medium | 53 | 0.91 (0.47 to 1.77) | 41 | 1.25 (0.58 to 2.67) |
| High (Ref) | 39 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 |
| Current paid job | ||||
| No | 95 | 1.40 (0.58 to 3.38) | 66 | 1.52 (0.54 to 4.22) |
| Yes (Ref) | 14 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 107 | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) | 72 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.05) |
| Weight status (kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight; BMI <18.5 | 2 | 0.72 (0.09 to 5.90) | 4 | 1.54 (0.23 to 10.37) |
| Normal weight; BMI 18.5–24.9 | 47 | 1.75 (0.77 to 4.01) | 28 | 1.22 (0.51 to 2.93) |
| Overweight; BMI 25–29.9 | 33 | 1.39 (0.59 to 3.27) | 14 | 0.73 (0.28 to 1.91) |
| Obese (Ref); BMI ≥30 | 25 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 |
| Current smoking | ||||
| No | 44 | 0.86 (0.45 to 1.64) | 32 | 0.82 (0.40 to 1.69) |
| Yes (Ref) | 65 | 1.00 | 42 | 1.00 |
| Physical active ≥30 min/day (days/week) | ||||
| 0–2 | 24 | 0.96 (0.43 to 2.12) | 30 | 2.21 (0.95 to 5.14) |
| 3–5 | 39 | 1.15 (0.56 to 2.35) | 18 | 0.98 (0.42 to 2.32) |
| 6–7 (Ref) | 46 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 |
*p<0.01.
**p<0.05.
†Adjusted for age, sex and educational level.
BMI, body mass index.