Table 3.

Stress and dyslipidemia, prospective cohort studies.

References	Study design	Sample size	Exposure	Outcome	Adjusted for	Groups compared	Most adjusted results
(16)	6.4 years cohort	466 men and women	General health Q	Triglycerides >1.7 mM	Baseline value of psychological distress	High psychological distress vs low psychological distress	OR (95% CI), ∼1.7 (0.9–3.2)
A study cohort of middle aged subjects from Finland				HDL cholesterol <1.03 mM in men and <1.29 mM in women			OR (95% CI), ∼2.5 (1.4–4.0)
(18)	18 years cohort	4398 men and 1923 women	Justice at work Q	Triglycerides >1.7 mM or on lipid lowering medication	Age, ethnicity, and employment grade	Low justice at work vs high justice at work	Men: HR (95% CI), 0.82 (0.73–0.92)
The Whitehall II study cohort							Women: HR (95% CI), 1.14 (0.2–1.41)
				HDL cholesterol <1.03 mM in men and <1.3 mM in women, or on lipid lowering medication			Men: HR (95% CI), 0.85 (0.74–0.98)
							Women: HR (95% CI), 1.04 (0.84–1.30)
(37)	10 years cohort	7066 men and women	Two questions on stress each rated on a four-point likert scale, combined into a seven-point stress score	Change from normal to high cholesterol (total cholesterol </>6.22 mM)	Sex, age, education, and marital status	Low stress vs high stress	Men and women: OR (95% CI), 0.88 (0.68–1.15)
The Copenhagen City Heart Study
(28)	25.6 years cohort	545 men and 267 women	Work demands and job control Q	Serum total cholesterol	Sex, age, baseline cholesterol	Low vs high job strain	Men and women, P=0.05
A cohort of employees from factories in Finland			Q on effort–reward imbalance			Low vs high effort–reward imbalance	Men and women, P=0.033