Table 1.

The Cohort Fed Exclusively Human Milk Was Similar to the Control Cohort That Received Bovine Milk Products Prior to 33 Weeks Postmenstrual Age

Characteristic	Control cohort	EHM cohort	p
Birth weight (kg)	1.334 (0.436)	1.361 (0.542)	0.503
Gestational age (weeks)	29.7 (2.5)	29.6 (3.0)	0.920
Multiples	172 (39%)	64 (32%)	0.106
Small for gestational age	46 (10%)	27 (14%)	0.282
Male	225 (51%)	110 (55%)	0.306
Ethnicity
White	363 (82%)	167 (84%)	0.576
Black	45 (10%)	16 (8%)	0.388
Other	35 (8%)	16 (8%)	1
Respiratory distress syndrome	335 (76%)	167 (84%)	0.023
Surfactant administration	300 (68%)	151 (76%)	0.040
Ventilation	317 (72%)	129 (65%)	0.096
High-frequency oscillatory	57 (13%)	38 (19%)	0.042
Jet	11 (2%)	10 (5%)	0.147
Postnatal steroid	66 (15%)	33 (17%)	0.815
UAC	351 (79%)	158 (79%)	1
UVC	296 (67%)	122 (61%)	0.180
PDA	91 (21%)	46 (23%)	0.467
PDA treated with indomethacin	75 (17%)	29 (15%)	0.489
Sepsis
Clinical, culture negative	93 (21%)	51 (26%)	0.220
Bacterial, culture positive	40 (9%)	5 (3%)	0.004
Fungal (Candida)	6 (1%)	0 (0%)	0.185
Discharged home	387 (87%)	162 (81%)	0.053
Acute transfer	37 (8%)	25 (13%)	0.112
Died before transfer	19 (4%)	12 (6%)	0.426
Total	443 (100%)	199 (100%)

Data are mean (SD) or number (%) values as indicated.

EHM, exclusively human milk; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; UAC, umbilical arterial catheter; UVC, umbilical venous catheter.