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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;(11):CD007412. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007412.pub3

Table 1. Terms and definitions used in this review.

Terms Definitions used in this review
Expectant management of third stage of labour

  1. A prophylactic uterotonic agent is not administered;

  2. the umbilical cord is neither clamped nor cut until the placenta has been delivered or until cord pulsation has ceased; and

  3. the placenta is delivered spontaneously with the aid of gravity and sometimes by maternal effort
Active management of third stage of labour

  1. The routine administration of a prophylactic uterotonic drug just before, with, or immediately after, the birth of the baby;

  2. early cord clamping and cutting; and

  3. controlled cord traction to deliver the placenta.
Mixed man-agement of third stage of labour A mixture of some of the components of both active and expectant management of third stage, but without exclusively containing all the components of either. There can be a number of different mixed third stage managements, for example:

  1. early prophylactic uterotonic drug, cord clamping when pulsation has ceased and controlled cord traction;

  2. delayed prophylactic uterotonic drug, cord clamping when pulsation has ceased and controlled cord traction
Early prophylactic uterotonic Prophylactic uterotonic drug administered just before, with, or immediately after, the birth of the infant
Delayed prophylactic uterotonic Prophylactic uterotonic drug administered after the cord pulsation has ceased
Early cord clamping The application of a clamp to the umbilical cord within 60 seconds of the birth of the infant (McDonald 2008).
Delayed cord clamping The application of a clamp to the umbilical cord greater than 1 minute after birth or when cord pulsation has ceased (McDonald 2008).
Sarnat staging for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (Sarnat 1976) Stage 1 (mild): hyper-alertness, hyper-reflexia, dilated pupils, tachycardia, absence of seizures
Stage 2 (moderate): lethargy, hyper-reflexia, miosis, bradycardia, seizures, hypotonia with weak suck and Moro reflexes
Stage 3 (severe): stupor, flaccidity, small to mid-position pupils which react poorly to light, decreased stretch reflexes, hypothermia and absent Moro