Table 2.
Demographics and antenatal parameters of cases and controls
| Characteristics | Cases (n = 77) | Controls (n = 154) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) |
28.1 (6.4) |
30.9 (5.5) |
0.001 |
| Parity, median (IQR) |
2 (1 – 5) |
2 (1 – 7) |
0.514 |
| Gravidity, median (IQR) |
2 (1 – 6) |
2 (1 – 7) |
0.054 |
| Formal education, n (%) |
|
|
|
| ≤11 years |
53 (68.8) |
69 (44.8) |
<0.001 |
| Knew HIV status prior to index pregnancy, n (%) |
10 (13.0) |
67 (43.5) |
<0.001 |
| Knew partner’s HIV status, n (%) |
37 (48.1) |
87 (56.5) |
0.230 |
| Unplanned pregnancy, n (%) |
64 (83.1) |
87 (56.5) |
<0.001 |
| Gestational age at 1st antenatal visit, weeks, n (%) |
|
|
|
| ≤20 weeks |
32 (45.5) |
115 (78.2) |
<0.001 |
| *Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm2), n (%) |
|
|
|
| ≤350 |
34 (58.6) |
54 (48.7) |
0.220 |
| Antenatal antiretrovirals received, n (%) |
|
|
|
| AZT |
48 (62.3) |
83 (53.9) |
<0.001 |
| ART |
9 (11.7) |
66 (42.9) |
|
| None |
17 (22.9) |
1 (0.7) |
|
| Unknown |
3 (3.9) |
4 (2.6 ) |
|
| Intrapartum antiretrovirals received, n (%) |
|
|
|
| sdNVP |
7 (9.1) |
35 (22.7) |
<0.001 |
| sdNVP and AZT |
43 (55.8) |
15 (9.7) |
|
| AZT only |
13 (16.9) |
36 (23.4) |
|
| ART |
8 (10.4) |
57 (37.0) |
|
| None | 6 (7.8) | 11 (7.1) |
*CD4 cell count known for 75.3% of cases (n = 58) 72.1% of controls (n = 111).