Fig. 2.

Illustration of impact of N fertilizer application on winter wheat yield (solid line, diamonds), N-losses due to leaching (bar chart) and estimated grain NUE (dashed line, squares). Data taken from the Broadbalk long-term experiment at Rothamsted, from 1990 to 1998 (cv. Apollo 1990–1995 and cv. Hereward 1996–1998). Modified from Hawkesford (2011) and used with permission (Wiley and Sons, Ltd: Chichester).