Table 2.

Averages of relative gene expression for quantitative PCR. The expression of PARK2 and PINK1 were determined in HTB-11 cells which were treated with 10⁻⁷ M morphine, 10⁻⁶ M naloxone, or a morphine/naloxone mix. Three trials of Q-PCR for each of the two genes, PARK2 and PINK1 were performed and the averages for each variable were calculated.

Gene	Function	Morphine RQ avg.	Naloxone RQ avg.	Mo+Nalox RQ avg.
PARK2	Makes protein, parkin. Parkin plays role in the cell machinery that breaks down unneeded proteins by tagging damaged and excess proteins with molecules called ubiquitin	1.288	0.985	1.339
PINK1	Makes protein called PTEN (induced putative kinase 1) located in the mitochondria. Helps with cellular stress	0.767	0.656	0.858