Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the ACCORD Eye Study Participants Also Enrolled in the Glycemia, Lipid, or Blood-Pressure Trial.*
| Characteristic | ACCORD Eye (N = 2856) | ACCORD Glycemia | ACCORD Lipid | ACCORD Blood Pressure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensive (N = 1429) | Standard (N = 1427) | P Value | Fibrate (N = 806) | Placebo (N = 787) | P Value | Intensive (N = 647) | Standard (N = 616) | P Value | ||
| Age — yr | 61.6±6.3 | 61.6±6.4 | 61.5±6.3 | 0.60 | 61.9±6.2 | 61.5±6.5 | 0.05 | 61.3±6.1 | 61.5±6.6 | 0.23 |
| Duration of diabetes — yr | 10.0±7.1 | 9.8±7.1 | 10.1±7.2 | 0.30 | 9.7±6.8 | 9.8±7.2 | 0.29 | 10.1±7.0 | 10.3±7.5 | 0.46 |
| Female sex — no. (%) | 1090 (38.2) | 538 (37.6) | 552 (38.7) | 0.57 | 247 (30.6) | 254 (32.3) | <0.001 | 310 (47.9) | 279 (45.3) | <0.001 |
| Previous cardiovascular event — no. (%) | 895 (31.3) | 452 (31.6) | 443 (31.0) | 0.74 | 263 (32.6) | 255 (32.4) | 0.35 | 180 (27.8) | 197 (32.0) | 0.03 |
| Nonwhite race — no. (%)† | 860 (30.1) | 427 (29.9) | 433 (30.3) | 0.79 | 222 (27.5) | 234 (29.7) | 0.06 | 203 (31.4) | 201 (32.6) | 0.43 |
| Glycated hemoglobin — % | 8.2±1.0 | 8.2±1.0 | 8.3±1.0 | 0.29 | 8.2±1.0 | 8.2±1.0 | 0.26 | 8.4±1.1 | 8.2±1.0 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol — mg/dl | ||||||||||
| HDL | 41.9±11.3 | 42.0±11.4 | 41.9±11.1 | 0.93 | 38.6±7.8 | 38.5±7.9 | <0.001 | 46.3±12.8 | 46.1±13.8 | <0.001 |
| LDL | 100.7±32.7 | 100.8±33.4 | 100.7±32.1 | 0.92 | 96.5±29.7 | 97.0±30.1 | <0.001 | 107.4±37.0 | 104.1±33.5 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides — mg/dl | 195.1±162.6 | 196.1±157.8 | 194±167.3 | 0.74 | 190.1±111.3 | 187.9±112.4 | 0.31 | 200.7±175.5 | 204.7±240.3 | 0.32 |
| Blood pressure — mm Hg | ||||||||||
| Systolic | 134.5±17.0 | 134.3±16.6 | 134.7±17.4 | 0.51 | 131.5±17.0 | 131.1±17.5 | <0.001 | 138.0±16.7 | 139.0±14.7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 74.9±10.5 | 74.9±10.3 | 75.0±10.6 | 0.83 | 73.7±10.5 | 73.6±10.5 | <0.001 | 76.3±10.5 | 76.8±9.9 | <0.001 |
| Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio‡ | 71.8±253.1 | 69.5±228.9 | 74.0±275.3 | 0.64 | 62.3±180.2 | 83.2±331.5 | 0.21 | 62.5±197.6 | 79.2±269.9 | 0.29 |
| BMI§ | 32.4±5.5 | 32.4±5.5 | 32.5±5.4 | 0.41 | 32.3±5.5 | 32.6±5.4 | 0.25 | 32.7±5.7 | 32.2±5.3 | 0.15 |
| Visual acuity — no. of letters¶ | 75.9±10.2 | 75.9±10.4 | 75.9±10.0 | 0.96 | 76.2±9.7 | 76.2±10.7 | 0.39 | 75.6±10.3 | 75.5±10.2 | 0.35 |
| Smoking status — no./total no. (%) | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.60 | |||||||
| Never smoked | 1188/2855 (41.6) | 581/1429 (40.7) | 607/1426 (42.6) | 313/805 (38.9) | 333/787 (42.3) | 279/647 (43.1) | 263/616 (42.7) | |||
| Former smoker | 1280/2855 (44.8) | 657/1429 (46.0) | 623/1426 (43.7) | 373/805 (46.3) | 352/787 (44.7) | 279/647 (43.1) | 276/616 (44.8) | |||
| Current smoker | 387/2855 (13.6) | 191/1429 (13.4) | 196/1426 (13.7) | 119/805 (14.8) | 102/787 (13.0) | 89/647 (13.8) | 77/616 (12.5) | |||
| Diabetic retinopathy status — no./total no. (%)|| | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.01 | |||||||
| None | 1450/2854 (50.8) | 729/1428 (51.1) | 721/1426 (50.6) | 429/806 (53.2) | 398/787 (50.6) | 328/645 (50.9) | 295/616 (47.9) | |||
| Mild | 518/2854 (18.1) | 241/1428 (16.9) | 277/1426 (19.4) | 141/806 (17.5) | 155/787 (19.7) | 105/645 (16.3) | 117/616 (19.0) | |||
| Moderate NPDR | 847/2854 (29.7) | 443/1428 (31.0) | 404/1426 (28.3) | 230/806 (28.5) | 224/787 (28.5) | 195/645 (30.2) | 198/616 (32.1) | |||
| Severe NPDR | 10/2854 (0.4) | 5/1428 (0.4) | 5/1426 (0.4) | 2/806 (0.2) | 4/787 (0.5) | 3/645 (0.5) | 1/616 (0.2) | |||
| PDR | 29/2854 (1.1) | 10/1428 (0.7) | 19/1426 (1.3) | 4/806 (0.5) | 6/787 (0.8) | 14/645 (2.2) | 5/616 (0.8) | |||
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. To convert values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586. To convert values for triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.01129. CI denotes confidence interval, HDL high-density lipoprotein, and LDL low-density lipoprotein.
Race was self-reported.
Albumin was measured in milligrams per deciliter and creatinine in grams per deciliter.
The body-mass index (BMI) is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
Visual acuity is defined as a mean of the acuity scores for both eyes of 74 to 78 letters (the approximate Snellen equivalent of 20/30).
Diabetic retinopathy status was defined according to the eye with the highest level on the ETDRS Final Severity Scale for Persons (described in Section 3 of the Supplementary Appendix), as follows: no diabetic retinopathy, a level of less than 20; mild diabetic retinopathy, a level of 20; moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), a level above 20 but less than 53; severe diabetic retinopathy, a level of 53; and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a level of 60 or higher.