Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Living Arrangement.

	Two-generation Households		Three-generation Households
	Mean or Percent	St. Dev.	Mean or Percent	St. Dev.	Pr(diff!=0)*
Children's characteristics
Mean age	13.6	3.1	13.2	3.2	<0.001
Ages 7-9 (%)	12.8	33.4	16.5	37.2	<0.001
Ages 10-12 (%)	21.9	41.4	23.7	42.5
Ages 13-15 (%)	31.7	46.5	32.2	46.7
Ages 16-18 (%)	33.6	47.2	27.6	44.7	<0.001
Female (%)	46.4	49.9	45.1	49.8
Number of children	n = 5,954		n = 1,295
Household characteristics
Household income in 2002 (Yuan)	10,774	8,678	11,328	8,705
Father's age	41.7	6.8	39.5	6.1	<0.001
Father's years of schooling	7.6	2.4	7.9	2.2	<0.05
Father's education in percentile score	51.7	27.9	51.9	28.1
Father's occupation
Farmer (%)	32.2	46.7	38.7	48.7	<0.001
Wage laborer (%)	51.4	50.0	43.0	49.5	<0.001
White-collar (%)	16.4	37.1	18.4	38.7
Mother's age	39.8	6.3	37.8	5.9	<0.001
Mother's years of schooling	6.2	2.9	6.1	2.8
Mother's education in percentile score	51.2	28.4	48.0	28.9	<0.01
Mother's occupation
Farmer/home keeper (%)	78.8	40.9	80.8	39.4
Wage laborer (%)	15.8	36.5	15.2	36.0
White-collar (%)	5.4	22.6	4.0	19.5
Paternal grandfather's years of schooling	3.2	2.7	3.1	2.9
Paternal grandmother's years of schooling	1.4	2.1	1.1	2.0	<0.001
Maternal grandfather's years of schooling	3.1	2.7	3.1	2.6
Maternal grandmother's years of schooling	1.5	2.1	1.6	2.1
Number of households	n = 3,704		n = 833

Note:

^*Only p-values < 0.05 are displayed.