Localization accuracy for low-pass noise (top), high-pass noise (middle), and wideband noise (bottom). Subjects: younger and older NH patients, bilateral HI listeners with and without hearing aids, bilateral CI patients, and a patient with bilateral CIs and bilateral hearing preservation. Test conditions: with and without implant, and with and without amplification (aids). Horizontal lines indicate mean scores. Shaded areas indicate chance performance. CNE, patient could not hear the signal, RMS, root mean square; NH, normal hearing; HI, hearing impaired; CI, cochlear implant.