Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Unadjusted | Propensity Score Matched* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Internal Control | Intervention | P value | Internal Control | Intervention | P value |
| (n = 919) | (n = 321) | (n = 321) | (n = 321) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 75 (13.4) | 76 (11.9) | 0.33 | 76 (11.9) | 76 (11.9) | 0.96 |
| Female, No. (%) | 499 (54.3) | 203 (63.2) | 0.01 | 196 (61.1) | 203 (63.2) | 0.57 |
| Race, No. (%) | ||||||
| White | 845 (92.0) | 298 (92.8) | 0.61 | 296 (92.2) | 298 (92.8) | 0.76 |
| Black | 41 (4.5) | 15 (4.7) | 0.88 | 16 (5.0) | 15 (4.7) | 0.85 |
| Other race | 31 (3.4) | 7 (2.2) | 0.29 | 8 (2.5) | 7 (2.2) | 0.79 |
| Dual eligible, No. (%) | 213 (23.2) | 79 (24.6) | 0.60 | 77 (24.0) | 79 (24.6) | 0.85 |
| Hospital of index admission | ||||||
| Hospitals 1–3, No. (%) | 302 (32.9) | 123 (38.3) | 0.08 | 129 (40.2) | 123 (38.3) | 0.63 |
| Hospital 4, No. (%) | 292 (31.8) | 50 (15.6) | <0.001 | 43 (13.4) | 50 (15.6) | 0.43 |
| Hospital 5, No. (%) | 161 (17.5) | 58 (18.1) | 0.82 | 71 (22.1) | 58 (18.1) | 0.20 |
| Hospital 6, No. (%) | 164 (17.9) | 90 (28.0) | <0.001 | 78 (24.3) | 90 (28.0) | 0.28 |
| HCC risk severity level | ||||||
| Low, No. (%) | 187 (20.4) | 61 (19.0) | 0.60 | 68 (21.2) | 61 (19.0) | 0.49 |
| Medium, No. (%) | 289 (31.5) | 122 (38.0) | 0.03 | 120 (37.4) | 122 (38.0) | 0.87 |
| High, No. (%) | 443 (48.2) | 138 (43.0) | 0.11 | 133 (41.4) | 138 (43.0) | 0.69 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Congestive heart failure, No. (%) | 475 (51.7) | 164 (51.1) | 0.85 | 174 (54.2) | 164 (51.1) | 0.43 |
| COPD, No. (%) | 430 (46.8) | 160 (49.8) | 0.35 | 144 (44.9) | 160 (49.8) | 0.21 |
| Heart arrhythmias, No. (%) | 356 (38.7) | 120 (37.4) | 0.67 | 126 (39.3) | 120 (37.4) | 0.63 |
| Vascular disease, No. (%) | 260 (28.3) | 114 (35.5) | 0.02 | 108 (33.6) | 114 (35.5) | 0.62 |
| Renal failure, No. (%) | 296 (32.2) | 103 (32.1) | 0.97 | 100 (31.2) | 103 (32.1) | 0.80 |
| Diabetes (no complications), No. (%) | 203 (22.1) | 81 (25.2) | 0.25 | 82 (25.6) | 81 (25.2) | 0.93 |
| Cardio-respiratory failure, No. (%) | 213 (23.2) | 66 (20.6) | 0.33 | 58 (18.1) | 66 (20.6) | 0.42 |
| Acute myocardial infarction, No. (%) | 98 (10.7) | 52 (16.2) | 0.01 | 44 (13.7) | 52 (16.2) | 0.38 |
| Diabetes with renal or circulatory manifestation, No. (%) | 133 (14.5) | 50 (15.6) | 0.63 | 46 (14.3) | 50 (15.6) | 0.66 |
| Angina/old MI, No. (%) | 110 (12.0) | 35 (10.9) | 0.61 | 32 (10.0) | 35 (10.9) | 0.70 |
| Breast, prostate, colorectal and other cancers, No. (%) | 98 (10.7) | 34 (10.6) | 0.97 | 35 (10.9) | 34 (10.6) | 0.90 |
HCC Hierarchical Condition Categories; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI myocardial infarction
*Control variables included year, age, sex, race, site of index hospitalization, dual-eligible status, risk severity index, and pre-existing conditions and comorbidities based on the Medicare HCC risk adjustment model
Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding